inganda zo mu musarani mu musaruro w’amazi y’amazi, gaze y’imyanda, ibisigazwa by’imyanda, ibintu by’ubumara n’urusaku bishobora gutera umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije, kugenzura, gukumira cyangwa kurandura imiti, ku buryo ibidukikije bidukikije bitagira ingaruka cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka nke, byabaye igice cyingenzi cyinganda zimpapuro. inganda zo mu musarani kwanduza amazi birakomeye, hamwe n’amazi (muri rusange toni zirenga 300 z’amazi kuri toni y’impapuro n’umusarani), amazi y’amazi arimo ibintu byinshi kama kama, ogisijeni ya biohimiki ikenera (BOD) hejuru, ihagaritswe (SS) ) byinshi, kandi birimo ibintu bifite uburozi, bifite ibara rifite impumuro idasanzwe, bibangamira imikurire isanzwe y’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, bigira ingaruka ku nganda, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ndetse n’abatuye amazi n’ibidukikije. Kwiyegeranya uko imyaka yagiye ihita, ibintu byahagaritswe bizahindura icyambu cyinzuzi, kandi bitange hydrogène sulphide impumuro yuburozi, byangiza cyane.
Inkomoko y’umwanda Inzira nyamukuru mubikorwa byimpapuro zumusarani nugutegura ibikoresho bibisi, gutonyanga, kugarura alkali, guhumanya, gukoporora impapuro zumusarani nibindi. Gahunda yo gutegura ibikoresho bibisi itanga umukungugu, ibishishwa, imbaho zimbaho, ibyatsi birangira; gukubita no gukira kwa alkali, inzira yo guhumeka itanga gaze yuzuye, ivumbi, amazi yanduye, ibisigazwa bya lime, nibindi.; Gukoporora impapuro zo mu musarani bitanga amazi yera, byose birimo umwanda. Umwanda w’inganda zo mu musarani ku bidukikije urashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro 3 by’umwanda w’amazi (Imbonerahamwe 1), ihumana ry’ikirere (Imbonerahamwe 2) n’imyanda ihumanya.
Imyanda ikomeye ni kubora ibishishwa, ibishishwa, ibishishwa, ibiti bivunitse, ibyatsi, imizi y'ibyatsi, ibyatsi, silika irimo ibyondo byera, icyuma cya lime, amabuye y'icyuma ya sulfuru, icyuma cy'amakara, n'ibindi, byinjira kuri site, bikarenga. hanze y'amazi mabi kugirango yanduze umubiri wamazi nisoko yubutaka. Urusaku rwinshi, nabwo ni ikibazo gikomeye mu nganda zo mu musarani.
Kwirinda no kurwanya umwanda birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: gutunganya ahantu hatagira ingaruka no gutunganya amazi mabi hanze.
Urupapuro rwumusarani rwa Yashi rushyirwa mubikorwa byose bifatika. Inzira yo kubyaza umusaruro ntacyo yangiza umubiri wumuntu. Igicuruzwa cyarangiye ntigisigara cyangiza imiti kandi ni cyiza kandi gifite umutekano. Koresha gaze karemano aho gukoresha lisansi gakondo kugirango wirinde umwanda mwuka. Kuraho inzira yo guhumeka, kugumana ibara ryumwimerere rya fibre yibihingwa, kugabanya ikoreshwa ryamazi yumusaruro, kwirinda gusohora imyanda ihumanya, no kurengera ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-13-2024
