Imigano ikoreshwa cyane mugukora impapuro, imyenda nizindi nzego bitewe na antibacterial naturel, ishobora kuvugururwa kandi yangiza ibidukikije. Kugerageza imikorere yumubiri, imiti, ubukanishi n’ibidukikije by’imigano ni ngombwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bibe byiza n'umutekano. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kwipimisha bufite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere isoko.
Imigano yimigano ni fibre mbisi ikozwe mumigano hakoreshejwe imiti, imashini cyangwa igice cya shimi. Bitewe na antibacterial naturel, ishobora kuvugururwa kandi yangiza ibidukikije, imigano yimigano yakoreshejwe cyane mugukora impapuro, imyenda nizindi nzego mumyaka yashize. Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byimigano kandi byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, gupima imigano ni ihuriro ryingenzi. Iyi ngingo izibanda ku bintu byo gupima, uburyo n'akamaro k'imigano.
1. Ibintu byingenzi biranga imigano
Umugano wimigano ni bio-fibre fibre ifite ibintu bikurikira:
Ibintu byinshi bya selile byuzuye: Umugano wimigano ufite selile nyinshi, ishobora gutanga imbaraga nubukomere.
Uburebure bwa fibre iringaniye: Uburebure bwa fibre fibre iri hagati ya fibre yibiti na fibre nyakatsi, itanga imigano yimigozi idasanzwe yumubiri kandi ikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora impapuro.
Kurengera cyane ibidukikije: Nkigihingwa gikura vuba, imigano yimigano ifite ibiranga ibikoresho fatizo bishobora kuvugururwa hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije.
Umutungo wa Antibacterial: Fibre fibre naturel ifite imiterere ya antibacterial kandi ifite porogaramu zidasanzwe mugupakira ibiryo, ibicuruzwa byita kumuntu nizindi nzego.
Ibikoresho byo gupimisha imigano birimo isuzuma ryimiterere yumubiri, imiti nubukanishi, birimo isesengura ryibigize fibre, imbaraga, ibirimo umwanda, umweru, imikorere yo kurengera ibidukikije, nibindi.
2. Ibikoresho byo gupima imigano n'akamaro
2.1 Kugerageza umutungo wumubiri
Imiterere yumubiri niyo shingiro ryimiterere yimigano, ikubiyemo uburebure bwa fibre, fibre morphologie, ivu, ibirimo umwanda nibindi bintu.
Uburebure bwa fibre: Uburebure bwa fibre yimigano ifite uruhare runini kumbaraga no muburyo bwimpapuro. Fibre ndende cyane cyangwa ngufi cyane bizagira ingaruka kumiterere nubukanishi bwibicuruzwa byimpapuro. Uburebure bwa fibre nogukwirakwiza birashobora gupimwa nisesengura rya fibre.
Ibirimo ivu: Ibirimo ivu bivuga ibikubiye mu bice bidashobora gukongoka mu migano y’imigano, ahanini biva mu bintu kama kama mu migano no kuzuza cyangwa imiti yongewe mugihe cyo kuyitunganya. Ibivu byinshi bizagabanya imbaraga nuburyo bukoreshwa byimbuto, bityo kumenya ivu nikimenyetso cyingenzi mugucunga ubuziranenge bwimigano.
Ibirimo umwanda: Umwanda uri mu migano (nk'umusenyi, imbaho z'ibiti, imigozi ya fibre, n'ibindi) bizagira ingaruka ku isura n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Ibintu byinshi byanduye bizatera impapuro hejuru, bikagabanya ubworoherane nimikorere yimpapuro zuzuye.
Kwera: Kwera ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana ibara ryimbuto, cyane cyane kumigano yimigano ikoreshwa mugukora impapuro zo kwandika no gucapa impapuro. Iyo umweru urenze, nibyiza byo kubona impapuro. Ubwera busanzwe bupimwa na metero yera.
2.2 Gutahura imiti
Ibikoresho bya chimique byerekana imigano ahanini birimo isesengura rya selile, hemicellulose, lignin hamwe n ibisigara bya solvent. Ibi bikoresho bigize imiti bigira ingaruka kumiterere yumubiri no gutunganya imigano.
Ibigize selile: Cellulose nigice cyingenzi cyimigano yimigano, igena imbaraga zimigano nigihe kirekire cyibicuruzwa byimpapuro. Ibigize selile biri mumigano irashobora gutahurwa nuburyo bwo gusesengura imiti kugirango harebwe ibisabwa byifashishwa bitandukanye.
Ibirimo bya Lignin: Lignin nikintu cyingenzi cyurukuta rwibimera, ariko mugihe cyo gukora impapuro, mubisanzwe birakenewe ko ukuramo igice cya lignine kugirango ube mwiza kandi woroshye. Ibirungo byinshi bya lignin bizatera ifu kwijimye ibara, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yimpapuro zuzuye. Gutahura Lignin birashobora gukorwa no gutondekanya imiti cyangwa gusesengura ibintu.
Ibirimo Hemicellulose: Nkikintu gito mumigano yimigano, hemicellulose igira uruhare muguhuza imiterere hagati ya fibre hamwe nubworoherane bwimbuto. Ibice bya hemicellulose biringaniye birashobora kongera imikorere ya pulp.
Ibisigazwa bya shimi: Mubikorwa byo kubyara imigano, imiti imwe n'imwe (nka alkali, byakuya, nibindi) irashobora gukoreshwa. Kubwibyo, kumenya niba hari ibisigazwa byimiti mumigano yimigano nintambwe yingenzi kugirango umutekano wibicuruzwa no kurengera ibidukikije.
2.3 Ikizamini cyimbaraga za mashini
Ikigeragezo cyimbaraga za bamboo zirimo cyane cyane imbaraga zingana, imbaraga zamarira, kwihangana, nibindi. Ibi bipimo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yimpapuro cyangwa imyenda ikomoka kumigano.
Imbaraga zingutu: Imbaraga zingutu nigaragaza gufatana hamwe no gukomera kwimigano yimigano. Kugerageza imbaraga zingana z'imigano irashobora gusuzuma ituze mugihe cyo gukora impapuro hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi bwimpapuro zirangiye.
Imbaraga zamarira: Kugerageza imbaraga zamarira zikoreshwa mugusuzuma imbaraga impapuro zimpano zishobora kwihanganira mugihe cyo kurambura no gutanyagura. Umugano wimigano ufite amarira menshi arakwiriye gukoreshwa hamwe nibisabwa imbaraga nyinshi nko gupakira impapuro nimpapuro.
Kurwanya gukubitwa: Kurwanya gukingura bivuga ubushobozi bwimigano yimigano yo kugumana ubunyangamugayo mugihe cyo kugwiza inshuro nyinshi, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane kubicuruzwa by'imigano bitanga ibitabo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira.
2.4 Kwipimisha imikorere yibidukikije
Kubera ko imigano ikoreshwa cyane mu gupakira, ibikoresho byo ku meza, impapuro zo mu musarani ndetse n’indi mirima ihuye n’umubiri w’umuntu, kurengera ibidukikije n’ibisabwa by’umutekano ni byinshi cyane.
Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika: Nkibikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa, imigano yimigano ifite ibinyabuzima byiza. Mugereranya inzira yo kwangirika mubidukikije muri laboratoire, imikorere yangirika yimigano irashobora gusuzumwa kugirango irebe ko yujuje ubuziranenge bwibidukikije.
Kumenya ibintu byangiza: Ibicuruzwa by imigano bigomba kwemeza ko bitarimo ibintu byangiza nkibyuma biremereye, formaldehyde, phthalate, nibindi. cyane cyane kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bitagira ingaruka kumubiri wumuntu.
Kwipimisha kwa Fluorescent kwipimisha: Ibirungo byinshi bya florescent byera mumigano bizagira ingaruka kumutekano wibiribwa ndetse no kubungabunga ibidukikije byimpapuro, bityo hagomba kugeragezwa ikoreshwa ryibikoresho byera bya fluorescent.
3. Uburyo bwo gupima
Kwipimisha imigano birimo ibikoresho bitandukanye nuburyo bwo gusesengura imiti. Ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye byo kwipimisha, uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa burimo:
Uburyo bwa analyse ya Microscopique: bukoreshwa mukureba morphologie, uburebure no gukwirakwiza fibre pulp fibre kugirango ifashe gusuzuma imikorere yimpapuro.
Uburyo bwo gusesengura imiti: Ibigize imiti iri mu migano, nka selile, lignine, hamwe na hemicellulose, bigaragazwa na titre-acide, isesengura rya gravimetric cyangwa isesengura ryerekanwa.
Ikizamini cya mashini: Imbaraga zingutu, imbaraga zamarira hamwe no gupima kwihangana birashobora kurangizwa nabapimisha babigize umwuga babipimisha kugirango barebe ko imiterere yimashini yimigano yujuje ubuziranenge.
Photometer: Yifashishijwe kugirango hamenyekane umweru nuburabyo bwimigano yimigano kugirango harebwe niba ibimenyetso biranga imigano yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.
Ikizamini cyibidukikije: Menya ibintu byangiza mumigano ukoresheje ibikoresho byihariye byo gusesengura imiti (nka atomic absorption spectrometer, gaz chromatograf).
4. Akamaro ko gupima imigano
Kumenyekanisha imigano ni ingirakamaro cyane kugirango ibicuruzwa bibe byiza kandi bikurikizwe. Kubera ko imigano yimigano ari ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, ikoreshwa cyane mugukora impapuro, imyenda nizindi nganda, kandi ubuziranenge bwayo bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere y’ibicuruzwa byo hasi ndetse n’uburambe bw’umuguzi.
Ubwishingizi bwibicuruzwa: Imbaraga zubukanishi, uburebure bwa fibre, umweru hamwe nubumara bwimiti yimigano ifitanye isano itaziguye nubwiza bwa nyuma bwibicuruzwa byimpapuro cyangwa imyenda. Binyuze mu igeragezwa, umutekano wibikoresho fatizo murwego rwo kubyaza umusaruro urashobora kuboneka.
Kurengera ibidukikije n’umutekano: Iyo imigano ikoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo n’ibicuruzwa by’isuku, bigomba kwemezwa ko bitarimo imiti yangiza. Kwipimisha nurufunguzo rwo kurinda umutekano wibicuruzwa.
Gutezimbere isoko ku isoko: Ibicuruzwa byiza by’imigano bifite ubuziranenge birushanwe ku isoko, cyane cyane muri iki gihe abakiriya bitondera kurengera ibidukikije, ibicuruzwa by’imigano byujuje ibisabwa birashobora kumenyekana ku isoko.
5. Umwanzuro
Nkibintu bigenda byangiza ibidukikije, imigano igenda yiyongera cyane mubikorwa nko gukora impapuro n imyenda. Mugupima byimazeyo ibintu bifatika, imiti, ubukanishi nibidukikije byimigano yimigano, ubwiza bwayo numutekano mubikorwa bitandukanye birashobora kwizezwa. Mu gihe ikoreshwa ry’imigano ikomeje kwaguka, uburyo bwo gupima n’ibipimo by’imigano bizarushaho kunozwa kugira ngo biteze imbere iterambere ry’inganda z’imigano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2024
