Ikirenge cya Carbone nikimenyetso gipima ingaruka zibikorwa byabantu kubidukikije. Igitekerezo cya "carbone footprint" gikomoka kuri "ikirenge cy’ibidukikije", kigaragazwa cyane cyane na CO2 ihwanye na (CO2eq), igereranya imyuka ihumanya ikirere yose yasohotse mu gihe cyo gukora no gukoresha abantu.
Ikirenge cya Carbone nugukoresha Ubuzima Cycle Assessment (LCA) kugirango harebwe ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bitaziguye cyangwa butaziguye byakozwe nubushakashatsi mugihe cyubuzima bwacyo. Kubintu bimwe, ingorane nubunini bwibaruramari rya karuboni biruta ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi ibisubizo byibaruramari bikubiyemo amakuru ajyanye n’ibyuka bihumanya.
Kubera ubukana bw’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ku isi n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije, ibaruramari rya karuboni ryabaye ingenzi cyane. Ntishobora kudufasha gusa gusobanukirwa neza n’ingaruka z’ibikorwa by’abantu ku bidukikije, ahubwo inatanga ishingiro ry’ubumenyi mu gushyiraho ingamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no guteza imbere ihinduka ry’icyatsi na karuboni nkeya.
Inzira zose zubuzima bwimigano, uhereye kumikurire no kwiteza imbere, gusarura, gutunganya no gukora, gukoresha ibicuruzwa kugeza kujugunywa, ninzira yuzuye yizunguruka ya karubone, harimo imigano ya karuboni yo mumashyamba ya karuboni, umusaruro wimigano no kuyikoresha, hamwe na karuboni nyuma yo kujugunywa.
Iyi raporo y’ubushakashatsi igerageza kwerekana agaciro ko gutera amashyamba y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije no guteza imbere inganda hagamijwe kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere hifashishijwe isesengura ry’ibirenge bya karuboni hamwe n’ubumenyi bwanditseho karubone, ndetse no gutegura ubushakashatsi bw’imigano isanzwe ya karuboni.
1. Ibaruramari rya karuboni
. Igitekerezo: Dukurikije ibisobanuro by’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ikirenge cya karubone bivuga umubare rusange wa dioxyde de carbone hamwe n’indi myuka ya parike irekurwa mu gihe cy’ibikorwa by’abantu cyangwa bigashyirwa hamwe mu buzima bwose bw’ibicuruzwa / serivisi.
Ikirango cya Carbone "ni uburyo bwo kwerekana" ibicuruzwa bya karuboni ikirenge ", ni ikirango cya digitale cyerekana imyuka yuzuye yubuzima bwa parike ya parike y’ibicuruzwa biva mu bikoresho fatizo kugeza imyanda itunganyirizwa, bigaha abakoresha amakuru ajyanye n’ibicuruzwa byangiza imyuka mu buryo bwa a ikirango.
Isuzuma ryubuzima (LCA) nuburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije bwatejwe imbere mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba mu myaka yashize kandi buracyari mu rwego rwo gukomeza ubushakashatsi n’iterambere. Igipimo cyibanze cyo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa bya karuboni ni uburyo bwa LCA, bufatwa nkuburyo bwiza bwo kunoza ikizere no korohereza kubara ibirenge.
LCA ibanza kumenya no kugereranya ikoreshwa ryingufu nibikoresho, hamwe nibisohoka mubidukikije murwego rwose rwubuzima, hanyuma igasuzuma ingaruka zibyo kurya no gusohora kubidukikije, hanyuma ikamenya kandi igasuzuma amahirwe yo kugabanya izo ngaruka. Igipimo cya ISO 14040, cyatanzwe mu 2006, kigabanya “intambwe yo gusuzuma ubuzima” mu byiciro bine: kugena intego n'intera, gusesengura ibarura, gusuzuma ingaruka, no gusobanura.
② Ibipimo n'uburyo:
Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kubara ibirenge bya karubone muri iki gihe.
Mu Bushinwa, uburyo bw'icungamutungo bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu bishingiye ku mipaka ya sisitemu n'amahame y'icyitegererezo: Isesengura rishingiye ku Buzima Buzenguruka (PLCA), Ibisohoka Byinjira mu Buzima Bwisuzuma (I-OLCA), hamwe na Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (HLCA). Kugeza ubu, mu Bushinwa harabura ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu bihuriweho no kubara ibirenge bya karuboni.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hari amahame atatu y’ibanze mpuzamahanga ku rwego rw’ibicuruzwa: “PAS 2050: 2011 Ibisobanuro ku isuzuma ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu gihe cy’ibicuruzwa n’ubuzima bwa serivisi” (BSI., 2011), “Porotokole ya GHGP” (WRI, WBCSD, 2011), na “ISO 14067: 2018 Imyuka ya Greenhouse - Ibicuruzwa bya Carbone Ibirenge - Ibisabwa n'Ubuyobozi” (ISO, 2018).
Dukurikije inyigisho zubuzima, PAS2050 na ISO14067 kuri ubu byashyizweho kugirango hasuzumwe ibicuruzwa bya karuboni y’ibicuruzwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo kubara, byombi bikubiyemo uburyo bubiri bwo gusuzuma: Ubucuruzi ku bakiriya (B2C) na Business to Business (B2B).
Isuzuma ryibiri muri B2C ririmo ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro no gutunganya, gukwirakwiza no kugurisha, gukoresha abaguzi, kujugunya burundu cyangwa gutunganya ibicuruzwa, ni ukuvuga, "kuva kuntambwe kugeza ku mva". Isuzuma rya B2B ririmo ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro no gutunganya, hamwe no gutwara abacuruzi bo hepfo, ni ukuvuga, "kuva kuntambwe kugera kumuryango".
Ibicuruzwa bya PAS2050 byerekana ibyemezo bya karubone bigizwe nibyiciro bitatu: icyiciro cyo gutangiza, icyiciro cyo kubara ibicuruzwa bya karuboni, hamwe nintambwe zikurikira. Ibicuruzwa ISO14067 byerekana ibaruramari rya karuboni ikubiyemo intambwe eshanu: gusobanura ibicuruzwa bigenewe, kugena imbibi za sisitemu y'ibaruramari, kugena igihe cy’ibaruramari, gutandukanya inkomoko y’ibisohoka mu mbibi za sisitemu, no kubara ibicuruzwa bya karuboni.
③ Ibisobanuro
Kubara ibirenge bya karubone, dushobora kumenya imirenge n’uturere twinshi, kandi tugafata ingamba zijyanye no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kubara ibirenge bya karubone birashobora kandi kutuyobora gukora ubuzima bwa karubone nkeya hamwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha.
Ikirango cya karubone nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kwerekana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu bidukikije cyangwa ubuzima bw’ibicuruzwa, ndetse n’idirishya ry’abashoramari, ibigo bishinzwe kugenzura leta, ndetse n’abaturage kugira ngo basobanukirwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cy’ibicuruzwa. Ibirango bya karubone, nkuburyo bwingenzi bwo gutangaza amakuru ya karubone, byemewe n’ibihugu byinshi kandi byinshi.
Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi byanditseho karubone nuburyo bwihariye bwo gushyiramo karubone kubicuruzwa byubuhinzi. Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwibicuruzwa, kwinjiza ibirango bya karubone mubicuruzwa byubuhinzi byihutirwa. Ubwa mbere, ubuhinzi nisoko yingenzi y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’isoko rinini ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Icya kabiri, ugereranije nurwego rwinganda, kumenyekanisha amakuru yerekana ibimenyetso bya karubone mubikorwa byubuhinzi ntabwo byuzura, bigabanya ubukire bwibintu byakoreshwa. Icya gatatu, abaguzi birabagora kubona amakuru yingirakamaro kuri karuboni y'ibicuruzwa ku mpera yabaguzi. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanye ko amatsinda yihariye y’abaguzi yiteguye kwishyura ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri karubone nkeya, kandi ibimenyetso bya karubone birashobora kwishyura neza amakuru asimmetrie hagati y’abakora ibicuruzwa n’abaguzi, bifasha kuzamura imikorere y’isoko.
2 chain Urunigi rw'inganda
Situation Ibintu byibanze byuruganda rwimigano
Uruganda rutunganya imigano mu Bushinwa rugabanijwemo hejuru, hagati, no hepfo. Hejuru ni ibikoresho fatizo nibisohoka mubice bitandukanye byimigano, harimo amababi yimigano, indabyo z imigano, imigano, imigano, nibindi. Hagati ikubiyemo amoko ibihumbi n'ibihumbi mu mirima myinshi nk'ibikoresho byo kubaka imigano, ibicuruzwa by'imigano, imigano n'ibiryo, imigano yo gukora imigano, n'ibindi; Hasi yimikorere yibicuruzwa byimigano harimo gukora impapuro, gukora ibikoresho, ibikoresho byimiti, nubukerarugendo bwumuco wimigano, nibindi.
Imigano ni umusingi witerambere ryinganda zimigano. Ukurikije imikoreshereze yabo, imigano irashobora kugabanywamo imigano yimbaho, imigano kumigano, imigano kumpamba, n imigano yo gushariza ubusitani. Uhereye ku miterere y’umutungo w’amashyamba, igipimo cy’ishyamba ry’imigano ni 36%, hagakurikiraho ibiti by’imigano hamwe n’ibiti bikoreshwa inshuro ebyiri n’ishyamba ry’imigano, ishyamba ry’imibereho myiza y’ibidukikije, n’ishyamba ry’imigano, bingana na 24%, 19%, na 14%. Imigano yimigano nishyamba ryiza ryimigano bifite igipimo gito. Ubushinwa bufite umutungo wimigano mwinshi, ufite amoko 837 n’umwaka utanga toni miliyoni 150 z’imigano.
Umugano nubwoko bwingenzi bwimigano yihariye mubushinwa. Kugeza ubu, imigano n’ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gutunganya ibikoresho by’imigano, isoko rishya ry’imigano, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitunganya imigano mu Bushinwa. Mu bihe biri imbere, imigano izakomeza kuba ishingiro ry’ubuhinzi bw’imigano mu Bushinwa. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko icumi bw’ibicuruzwa byingenzi bitunganyirizwa hamwe n’ibikoreshwa mu Bushinwa birimo imbaho zikora imigano, hasi y’imigano, imigano, imigano no gukora impapuro, ibikomoka ku migano, ibikoresho byo mu migano, imigano ya buri munsi n’ubukorikori, amakara y’amakara na vinegere. , imigano n'ibinyobwa, ibikomoka ku bukungu munsi y'amashyamba y'imigano, n'ubukerarugendo bw'imigano no kwita ku buzima. Muri byo, imbaho z'imigano n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ni inkingi z'inganda z’imigano mu Bushinwa.
Nigute ushobora guteza imbere urwego rwimigano munsi yintego ebyiri za karubone
Intego ya “dual carbone” isobanura ko Ubushinwa bwihatira kugera ku mpinga ya karubone mbere ya 2030 no kutabogama kwa karubone mbere ya 2060. Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwongereye ibyo busabwa mu byuka bihumanya ikirere mu nganda nyinshi kandi bushakisha cyane inganda z’icyatsi, karuboni nkeya, n’ubukungu bukora neza mu bukungu. Usibye ibyiza by’ibidukikije, inganda z’imigano nazo zigomba gucukumbura ubushobozi bwazo nka karuboni no kwinjira ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bwa karubone.
(1) Ishyamba ry'imigano rifite ibintu byinshi byangiza imyuka ya karubone:
Dukurikije imibare iriho ubu mu Bushinwa, ubuso bw’amashyamba y’imigano bwiyongereye cyane mu myaka 50 ishize. Kuva kuri hegitari miliyoni 2.4539 mu myaka ya za 1950 na 1960 kugeza kuri hegitari miliyoni 4.8426 mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21 (ukuyemo amakuru yaturutse muri Tayiwani), umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 97.34%. Umubare w'amashyamba y'imigano mu karere k'amashyamba y'igihugu wavuye kuri 2.87% ugera kuri 2.96%. Umutungo w’amashyamba wabaye igice cyingenzi cy’amashyamba y’Ubushinwa. Ibarurishamibare rya 6 ry’igihugu gishinzwe umutungo w’amashyamba, muri hegitari miliyoni 4.8426 z’amashyamba y’imigano mu Bushinwa, hari hegitari miliyoni 3.372 z’imigano, hamwe n’ibiti bigera kuri miliyari 7.5, bingana na 70% by’amashyamba y’imigano mu gihugu.
(2) Ibyiza byibinyabuzima byamashyamba:
Bamboo ifite imikurire mike, gukura gukomeye guturika, kandi ifite ibiranga gukura gushya no gusarura buri mwaka. Ifite agaciro gakoreshwa cyane kandi ntigira ibibazo nkisuri yubutaka nyuma yo gutema ibiti no kwangirika kwubutaka nyuma yo gutera bikomeje. Ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukwirakwiza karubone. Amakuru yerekana ko buri mwaka ibinyabuzima bya karubone byateganijwe mu giti cy’ishyamba ry’imigano ari 5.097t / hm2 (usibye umusaruro w’imyanda ngarukamwaka), ibyo bikaba bikubye inshuro 1.46 ibyo firimu ikura vuba.
Forest Amashyamba y'imigano afite imiterere yoroheje yo gukura, uburyo butandukanye bwo gukura, kugabana ibice, no guhindagurika kwahantu. Bafite ahantu hanini ho gukwirakwiza imiterere n’akarere kanini, cyane cyane bakwirakwijwe mu ntara n’imijyi 17, bibanda muri Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, na Zhejiang. Zishobora guhura niterambere ryihuse kandi rinini mu turere dutandukanye, rigakora ibintu bigoye kandi byegeranye bya karuboni spatiotemporal hamwe na karubone ikomoka kumurongo.
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Inganda zongera gutunganya imigano zuzuye
Inganda z’imigano zinyuze mu nganda z’ibanze, izisumbuye, na za kaminuza, agaciro kayo kiyongereye kiva kuri miliyari 82 mu mwaka wa 2010 kigera kuri miliyari 415.3 mu 2022, ikigereranyo cyo kuzamuka kw’umwaka kikaba hejuru ya 30%. Biteganijwe ko mu 2035, umusaruro w’inganda zikora imigano uzarenga tiriyari 1. Kugeza ubu, hashyizweho udushya dushya tw’inganda z’imigano mu Ntara ya Anji, mu Ntara ya Zhejiang, mu Bushinwa, hibandwa ku buryo bunonosoye bw’ubuhinzi bwa karuboni ebyiri ziva mu bidukikije no mu bukungu no kwishyira hamwe.
Support Inkunga ifitanye isano
Nyuma yo gutanga intego ebyiri za karubone, Ubushinwa bwatanze politiki n'ibitekerezo byinshi byo kuyobora inganda zose mu micungire ya neutre. Ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 2021, amashami icumi arimo Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bw’amashyamba n’ibyatsi, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura, na Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga yasohoye “Igitekerezo cy’amashami icumi yerekeye kwihutisha iterambere rishya ry’inganda z’imigano”. Ku ya 2 Ugushyingo 2023, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura n’izindi nzego bafatanyije hamwe “Gahunda y’imyaka itatu yo kwihutisha iterambere rya 'Gusimbuza plastiki n’imigano'”. Byongeye kandi, hashyizwe ahagaragara ibitekerezo ku guteza imbere inganda z’imigano mu zindi ntara nka Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, n’ibindi. .
3 、 Nigute ushobora kubara ibirenge bya karubone murwego rwinganda?
Progress Ubushakashatsi butera imbere kuri carbone ikirenge cyibicuruzwa
Kugeza ubu, hari ubushakashatsi buke ku bijyanye na karuboni y’ibicuruzwa by’imigano haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi buriho bubigaragaza, ubushobozi bwa nyuma bwo kohereza no kubika imigano biratandukana muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha nko gufungura, kwishyira hamwe, no kwiyunga, bikavamo ingaruka zitandukanye ku kirenge cya nyuma cya karuboni y’ibicuruzwa by’imigano.
Process Inzira ya karubone yibicuruzwa byimigano mubuzima bwabo bwose
Ubuzima bwose bwibicuruzwa byimigano, uhereye kumikurire niterambere (fotosintezeza), guhinga no gucunga, gusarura, kubika ibikoresho bibisi, gutunganya ibicuruzwa no kubikoresha, kugeza kubora (kubora), birarangiye. Inzira ya karubone yibicuruzwa byimigano mubuzima bwabo bwose ikubiyemo ibyiciro bitanu byingenzi: guhinga imigano (gutera, gucunga, no gukora), umusaruro wibikoresho (gukusanya, gutwara, no kubika imigano cyangwa imigano), gutunganya ibicuruzwa no kubikoresha (inzira zitandukanye mugihe gutunganya), kugurisha, gukoresha, no kujugunya (kubora), birimo gutunganya karubone, kwegeranya, kubika, gukurikiranya, hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya byangiza cyangwa bitaziguye muri buri cyiciro (reba Ishusho 3).
Igikorwa cyo guhinga amashyamba yimigano gishobora gufatwa nkumuhuza w "kwegeranya karubone no kubika", birimo imyuka ya karubone itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye iterwa no gutera, gucunga, no gukora.
Umusaruro w’ibikoresho ni ihererekanyabubasha rya karubone ihuza inganda z’amashyamba n’inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa by’imigano, kandi bikubiyemo no kohereza imyuka ya karubone itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye mu gihe cyo gusarura, gutunganya bwa mbere, gutwara, no kubika imigano cyangwa imigano.
Gutunganya no gukoresha ibicuruzwa nuburyo bukurikirana bwa karubone, burimo gukosora igihe kirekire cya karubone mubicuruzwa, kimwe n’ibyuka bihumanya bitaziguye cyangwa bitaziguye biva mu nzira zitandukanye nko gutunganya ibice, gutunganya ibicuruzwa, no gukoresha ibicuruzwa.
Ibicuruzwa bimaze kwinjira murwego rwo gukoresha abaguzi, karubone itunganijwe rwose mubicuruzwa by'imigano nk'ibikoresho, inyubako, ibikenerwa bya buri munsi, ibicuruzwa by'impapuro, n'ibindi. Igihe ubuzima bwa serivisi bwiyongera, imyitozo yo gukwirakwiza karubone izongerwa kugeza igihe izarangirira, kubora no kurekura CO2, no gusubira mu kirere.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Zhou Pengfei n'abandi. . . Hitamo uburyo bwa B2B bwo gusuzuma kugirango usuzume byimazeyo imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone hamwe nububiko bwa karubone mubikorwa byose byakozwe, harimo gutwara ibintu bibisi, gutunganya ibicuruzwa, gupakira, no kubika (reba Ishusho 4). PAS2050 iteganya ko gupima ibirenge bya karubone bigomba guhera mu gutwara ibikoresho fatizo, kandi amakuru y'ibanze yoherezwa mu kirere no kohereza karuboni mu bikoresho fatizo, umusaruro ukageza ku gukwirakwiza (B2B) ku mbaho zogosha imigano zigomba gupimwa neza kugira ngo hamenyekane ubunini bwa ikirenge cya karuboni.
Urwego rwo gupima ikirenge cya karuboni y'ibicuruzwa by'imigano mubuzima bwabo bwose
Gukusanya no gupima amakuru yibanze kuri buri cyiciro cyibicuruzwa byimigano ubuzima ni urufatiro rwo gusesengura ubuzima. Amakuru y'ibanze akubiyemo umurimo w'ubutaka, gukoresha amazi, gukoresha uburyohe butandukanye bw'ingufu (amakara, lisansi, amashanyarazi, n'ibindi), gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye, hamwe n'ibisubizo bituruka ku mbaraga n'ingufu. Kora ibirenge bya karubone gupima ibicuruzwa byimigano mubuzima bwabo bwose binyuze mukusanya amakuru no gupima.
(1) Icyiciro cyo guhinga amashyamba
Kwinjiza karubone no kwegeranya: kumera, gukura no gutera imbere, umubare wimigano mishya;
Kubika karubone: imiterere yishyamba ryimigano, imigano ihagaze, imiterere yimyaka, biomass yingingo zitandukanye; Biomass yimyanda; Ubutaka bubika karubone;
Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere: kubika karubone, igihe cyo kubora, no kurekura imyanda; Ubutaka bwo guhumeka imyuka ya karubone; Imyuka ya karubone ituruka ku gukoresha ingufu zituruka hanze no gukoresha ibikoresho nk'umurimo, ingufu, amazi n'ifumbire yo gutera, gucunga, n'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi.
(2) Icyiciro cyibikoresho byo kubyara
Ihererekanyabubasha: gusarura ingano cyangwa imigano yo kurasa hamwe na biomass yabo;
Garuka ya karubone: ibisigisigi biva mu biti cyangwa imigano, ibisigazwa byambere byo gutunganya, na biomass;
Ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya Carbone: Ingano y’ibyuka byangiza imyuka ituruka ku mbaraga zo hanze no gukoresha ibikoresho, nk’umurimo n’ingufu, mugihe cyo gukusanya, gutunganya bwa mbere, gutwara, kubika, no gukoresha imigano cyangwa imigano.
(3) Icyiciro cyo gutunganya no gukoresha icyiciro
Gukurikirana karubone: biomass y'ibicuruzwa by'imigano n'ibicuruzwa;
Kugarura karubone cyangwa kugumana: gutunganya ibisigazwa na biomass yabyo;
Ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya karubone: Imyuka ya karubone iterwa no gukoresha ingufu ziva hanze nkumurimo, ingufu, ibikoreshwa, hamwe nogukoresha ibikoresho mugihe cyo gutunganya ibice, gutunganya ibicuruzwa, no gukoresha ibicuruzwa.
(4) Icyiciro cyo kugurisha no gukoresha
Gukurikirana karubone: biomass y'ibicuruzwa by'imigano n'ibicuruzwa;
Ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya Carbone: Ingano y’ibyuka byangiza imyuka ituruka ku gukoresha ingufu zituruka hanze nko gutwara no gukora biva mu nganda kugera ku isoko ry’igurisha.
(5) Icyiciro cyo kujugunya
Kurekura Carbone: Ububiko bwa Carbone bwibicuruzwa byanduye; Igihe cyo kubora no kurekura amafaranga.
Bitandukanye n’izindi nganda z’amashyamba, amashyamba yimigano agera ku kwivugurura nyuma yo gutema ibiti no kuyakoresha, bitabaye ngombwa ko yongera amashyamba. Gukura kw'ishyamba ry'imigano biri mu ntera ishimishije yo gukura kandi irashobora guhora ikurura karubone ihamye, ikegeranya kandi ikabika karubone, kandi igakomeza kuzamura ikurikiranwa rya karubone. Umubare wibikoresho byimigano bikoreshwa mubicuruzwa by'imigano ntabwo ari binini, kandi igihe kirekire cyo gukwirakwiza karubone gishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe ibicuruzwa.
Kugeza ubu, nta bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku gupima karubone y'ibicuruzwa by'imigano mu mibereho yabo yose. Bitewe nigihe kirekire cyohereza imyuka ya karubone mugihe cyo kugurisha, gukoresha, no kujugunya ibicuruzwa byimigano, ibirenge bya karubone biragoye kubipima. Mubikorwa, isuzuma ryibirenge bya karubone mubisanzwe byibanda ku nzego ebyiri: imwe ni ukugereranya ububiko bwa karubone n’ibisohoka mu musaruro uva mu bikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bicuruzwa; Iya kabiri ni ugusuzuma ibikomoka ku migano kuva gutera kugeza ku musaruro
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-17-2024
