Ikirenge cya karubone nigipimo kipima ingaruka zibikorwa byabantu kubidukikije. Igitekerezo cya "ikirenge cya karuboni" gikomoka kuri "ikinyamakuru ibidukikije", cyane cyane kigaragazwa nka CO2 gihwanye (CO2EQ), kigereranya imyuka ihumanya ikirere yasohotse mugihe cyabantu no mubikorwa byo gukora.
Ikirenge cya karubone ni ugukoresha ubuzima bwizamuka (LCA) kugirango usuzume ibihuha bya parike ya parike cyangwa bitaziguye byakozwe nikintu cyubushakashatsi mugihe cyubuzima bwacyo. Kuri ikintu kimwe, ingorane nurwego rwibaruramari rya karubone riruta imyuka ihumanya karuki, kandi ibisubizo byibaruramari bikubiyemo amakuru yubwiyuha bwa karubone.
Uburemere bwiyongera bw'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije, ibaruramari ry'ibirenge bya karubone ryabaye ingenzi cyane. Ntishobora gusa kumva neza ingaruka zibikorwa byabantu kubidukikije, ariko nanone itanga ishingiro ryubumenyi bwo gutegura ingamba zo kugabanya ibyumba no guteza imbere icyatsi na gito-carbone.
Ubuzima bwose bw'umugano, kuva mu mibanire n'iterambere, gusarura, gutunganya no gukora, gukora ibicuruzwa by'imigano no gukoresha, hamwe no gukoresha ikirenge cya karubone nyuma yo kujugunywa.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwagerageje kwerekana agaciro k'iterambere ry'imigano y'imigano n'inganda kugira ngo imihindagurikire y'ikirere binyuze mu isesengura ry'ibirenge bya karubone na karubone, ndetse n'imitunganyirize y'imigano y'ibicuruzwa bya karubone.
1. Ibarura rusange rya karubone
① Igitekerezo: Ukurikije amasezerano y'umuryango w'abibumbye ishinzwe imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ibirenge bya karubone bivuga umubare wa dioxyde wa karubone n'izindi gasu ya parike yashyizwe ahagaragara mu bikorwa bya muntu cyangwa bihurira mu mibereho yose y'ibicuruzwa / serivisi.
Ikirango cya karubone "ni ukugaragaza" Ibicuruzwa bya karubone ", nicyo gikoresho cya digitale ikirango.
Isuzuma ryubuzima (LCA) ni uburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma ingaruka ku bidukikije byatejwe imbere mu bihugu by'iburengerazuba mu myaka yashize kandi biracyari mu cyiciro cyo gukomeza ubushakashatsi n'iterambere. Urwego rwibanze rwo gusuzuma ikirenge cya karuboni ni uburyo bwa LCA, bufatwa nkimyanzuro myiza yo kunoza kwizerwa no korohereza kubara karubone.
LCA ikanamenya kandi igereranya gukoresha ingufu nibikoresho, kimwe nibidukikije mubuzima bwose bwubuzima, hanyuma usuzume ingaruka zibikoresha no kurekura ibidukikije, kandi amaherezo zigaragaza kandi zisuzuma amahirwe yo kugabanya izi ngaruka. ISO 14040, ryatanzwe mu 2006, rigabanya "mu buryo bwo gusuzuma ubuzima" mu byiciro bine: kugena intego n'ubuyobozi, isesengura ry'ingaruka, no gusobanura ingaruka.
Amahame nuburyo:
Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kubara ibirenge bya karubone muri iki gihe.
Mu Bushinwa, uburyo bwo kubara burashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu bishingiye ku mbaraga za sisitemu n'amahame y'icyitegererezo: PLCA) hashyizweho isuzuma ry'ubuzima (I-OLCA) isuzuma ry'ubuzima (HLCA). Kugeza ubu, habuze ibipimo by'igihugu bihuriweho n'ibarura rusange ry'ikigo cy'ibirenge bya Karuboni mu Bushinwa.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hari ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi mpuzamahanga ku rwego rw'ibicuruzwa: "Pas 2050: 2011 Porotolol" (WRI, WBCSD, 2011), na "ISO 14067: Ihinduka rya Parike 2018 - Ibicuruzwa bya karubone - Ibicuruzwa byinshi hamwe nubuyobozi" (ISO, 2018).
Dukurikije inyigisho yubuzima, Pas2050 na ISO14067 ubu bashizweho hashyizweho ibipimo bya karubone, byombi birimo uburyo bubiri bwo kubara, byombi birimo uburyo bubiri bwo gusuzuma: bukoreshwa mubucuruzi (B2b).
Isuzuma rya B2C ririmo ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro no gutunganya, gukwirakwiza no gucuruza, gukoresha umuguzi, ni ukuvuga, " Ibirimo B2b birimo ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro no gutunganya, no gutwara abantu ku bacuruzi batontoma, ni ukuvuga "kuva ku rutare kugera ku irembo".
Igicuruzwa cya Pas2050 cya karubone kigizwe nibyiciro bitatu: Icyiciro cyo gutangiza, ibicuruzwa bya karubone yo kubara. Ibicuruzwa bya Iso14067 byibaruramari birimo intambwe eshanu: Gusobanura imipaka ya sisitemu yo kubara, Gutondekanya imbibi za sisitemu, no kubara amasoko yuruhu muri sisitemu, kandi akabara ibicuruzwa bya karubone.
Ibisobanuro
Kubibazwa ibirenge bya karubone, turashobora kumenya imirenge yo mu kirere, kandi tufate ingamba zijyanye no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya. Kubara ibirenge bya karubone birashobora kandi kutuyobora gukora imibereho yo hasi ya karubone hamwe nuburyo bwo kurya.
Ikirango cya karubone nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kwerekana imyuka yibyuka bya parike mu buryo bwo gukora ibidukikije cyangwa mu mibereho y'ibicuruzwa, ndetse n'idirishya ry'abashoramari, ibigo bishinzwe kugenzura leta, ndetse n'abaturage ku buryo bwo gusobanukirwa n'umwuka wa Greenhouse yimyororokere y'ibigo. Ikirarezo cya karuboni, nk'inzira y'ingenzi ya karuboni itanga amakuru ya karuboni, yemerwa cyane n'ibihugu byinshi ndetse n'ibindi.
Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi Garuboni nicyo gipimo cyihariye cya karubone kivuga ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi. Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwibicuruzwa, intangiriro yibirango bya karubone mubicuruzwa byubuhinzi byihutirwa. Ubwa mbere, ubuhinzi nisoko yingenzi yubwiyuha bwa Greenhouse hamwe nisoko nini yubwiyuha bwa Green Carbon Diowoge. Icya kabiri, ugereranije nurwego rwinganda, gutangaza amakuru ya karubone mubikorwa byumusaruro wubuhinzi ntikirarangira, bigabanya ubukire bwibisabwa. Icya gatatu, abaguzi birabagora kubona amakuru meza kumurongo wa karubone kumuguzi arangije. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bw'ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko amatsinda y'abaguzi yiteguye kwishyura ibicuruzwa bike, kandi ikirango cya karubone gishobora kwishyura neza amakuru asingteur hagati y'abashinzwe umutekano n'abaguzi, afasha kunoza imikorere myiza.
2, imigano inganda
Ibintu by'ibanze by'inganda zo mu migano
Uruniko rw'imigano mu Bushinwa rwigabanyijemo hejuru, hagati, no kumanuka. Uptom ni ibikoresho fatizo n'ibice by'ibice bitandukanye by'imigano, harimo amababi y'imigano, indabyo z'imigano, imigano, imigano, imigano, n'ibindi. Midstream ikubiyemo ubwoko bwibihumbi bitandukanye mubikoresho byinshi nkibikoresho byubaka imigano, ibikoresho byubaka imigano, imigano, imigano, ibiryo, imigano, amatungo; Ibikoresho byo hasi byibicuruzwa byimigano birimo impapuro, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho bivura imiti, hamwe nubukerarugendo bwumugano, nibindi.
Imigano yimigano niyo shingiro ryo guteza imbere inganda zimigano. Ukurikije imikoreshereze yabo, imigano irashobora kwigabanyamo imigano kubiti, imigano ya bamboreka imigano, imigano ya bamboo, imigano for Pulp, n'imigano yo gushushanya ubusitani. Kuva mu miterere yimitungo yimigano, igipimo cyishyamba ry'imigano ni 36%, rikurikirwa n'imigano yimigano yimigano, imigano yimigano yimigano, na Pulp ishyamba rya 24%, 19%, 19%, na 14%. Umugano urasa n'amashyamba nyaburanga ufite umubare muto. Ubushinwa bufite umutungo mwinshi w'imigano, hamwe n'ibinyabuzima 837 ndetse n'ibisa na buri mwaka toni miliyoni 150 z'imigano.
Umugano ni ubwoko bw'imigano bukomeye budasanzwe mu Bushinwa. Kugeza ubu, imigano ni ibintu by'ibanze by'ibimenyetso by'imigano bitenwa n'imiterere, imvano nshya, n'imigano irasa ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa. Mu bihe biri imbere, imigano izakomeza kuba nyamukuru itera ibikoresho by'imigano mu Bushinwa. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko icumi bwibicuruzwa byingenzi byimigano no gukoresha imigano irimo imigano, imigano, imigano ya buri munsi, imigano ya buri munsi, imigano yamakara , imigano isohora n'ibinyobwa, ubukungu munsi y'amashyamba y'imigano, n'imigano y'imigano n'ubuvuzi. Muri bo, imigano y'ibibaho n'ibikoresho by'ubuhanga ni inkingi z'inganda z'imigano y'Ubushinwa.
Nigute watezimbere urunigi rw'inganda munsi ya karubone ya kabiri
Intego "ebyiri karubone" bivuze ko Ubushinwa buharanira kugera ku mpinga ya karubone mbere ya 2030 na karubone mbere y'ibyumba by'indaro mu nganda ndetse no muri iki gihe. Usibye ibyiza byayo, inganda zimigano nazo zikeneye gushakisha ubushobozi bwazo nka karubone zirohama kandi zinjira ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi rya karubone.
(1) Ishyamba rya Bamboo rifite ibintu byinshi bya karubone,
Dukurikije amakuru agezweho mu Bushinwa, agace k'amashyamba y'imigano byiyongereye cyane mu myaka 50 ishize. Kuva muri miliyoni 2.4539 muri za 1950 na 1950 kuri hegitari miliyoni 4.626 mu ntangiriro ya 21 (ukuyemo amakuru yo muri Tayiwani), mu gihe cy'intama y'umwaka 97.34%. Kandi umubare w'amashyamba y'imigano mu mashyamba y'igihugu yiyongereye kuva 2.87% kugeza 2,96%. Bamboo Ibikoresho byamashyamba byahindutse igice cyingenzi mububiko bwamashyamba yubushinwa. Dukurikije amashyamba ya 6 y'igihugu, muri hegitari miliyoni 4.822 z'amashyamba y'imigano mu Bushinwa, hari hegitari miliyoni 3.372, ifite ibihingwa bigera kuri 7,5% by'imigano.
(2) Ibyiza byishyamba ryishyamba ryimigano:
① Bamboo afite ukwezi kugufi, gukura gukomeye guturika, kandi bifite ibiranga iterambere rishobora kongerwa no gusarura buri mwaka. Ifite agaciro gakoreshwa cyane kandi ntabwo ifite ibibazo nkibisurisi nyuma yo kwinjira byuzuye no gutesha agaciro ubutaka nyuma yo gukomeza gutera. Ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukurikirana karubone. Amakuru yerekana ko ibirimo bya karubone ngarukamwaka bihamye mu giti cy'ishyamba ryagabuga ni 5.097t / HM2 (ukuyemo umusaruro wa buri mwaka), ni inshuro 1.46 z'igishinwa gikura vuba.
Amashyamba y'imigano afite imiterere yoroheje yo gukura, gukura gutandukanya, gukwirakwiza ibice, kandi agace gahoraho kahindagurika. Bafite ahantu hanini gake hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko nini, cyane cyane itangwa mu ntara 17 n'imijyi, byibanda muri Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, na Zhejiang. Barashobora guhura niterambere ryihuse kandi rinini mu turere dutandukanye, gukora imirongo igoye kandi funga Carbone Spationterporal hamwe na karubone ihuta.
(3) Ibisabwa ku ishyamba rya karubone rya karubone rikurikirana rirakuze:
Inganda zisubiramo imigano irangiye
Inganda z'imigano zinyura mu mirima y'ibanze, yisumbuye, iy'ibanze, hamwe n'ibisohoka ku gaciro kuva muri miliyari 82 za mu miliyari 82.3 kugeza kuri Miliyari 415.3, ifite umubare w'iterambere ry'icyumweru girenga 30%. Biteganijwe ko saa 2035, agaciro kavuzwe k'inganda imigano bizarenga 1 tiriyari. Kugeza ubu, urunigi rushya rw'inganda z'imigano rwakozwe mu mpano za ANJI rwakozwe mu ntara ya Anji, mu Ntara ya Zhejiang, Ubushinwa, bwibanda ku buryo bwuzuye bwa karubone itandukanye n'ubukungu.
Inkunga ifitanye isano na politiki
Nyuma yo gutanga intego ebyiri za karubone, Ubushinwa yatanze politiki n'ibitekerezo byinshi byo kuyobora inganda zose mu micungire ya karubone. Ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 2021, amashami icumi arimo ubuyobozi bwa Leta n'Ubuyobozi bw'igihugu, Iterambere ry'igihugu n'iterambere ry'igihugu, na Minisiteri y'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga yatanze "Ibitekerezo by'ishami icumi byo kwihutisha iterambere ryaduco b'inganda". Ku ya 2 Ugushyingo 2023, Iterambere ry'igihugu n'iterambere ry'igihugu hamwe nandi mashami yarekuwe mu "gahunda y'ibikorwa by'imyaka itatu yo kwihutisha iterambere ry 'gusimbuza plastike hamwe n'imigano'". Byongeye kandi, ibitekerezo byo guteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda imigano yashyizwe imbere mu zindi ntara nka Fujian, Zhejiang, ENT. Ibicuruzwa bishya by'umukandara wa karuboni na karubone watangijwe .
3, uburyo bwo kubara ikirenge cya karubone cyinama yimigano?
① Iterambere Iterambere Kureka Ikirenge cya Carbone Ibicuruzwa byimigano
Kugeza ubu, hari ubushakashatsi buke ku kirenge cya karubone cyibicuruzwa byimigano haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Nk'uko ubushakashatsi buriho, kwimura karubone nyuma yo kubika imigano biratandukanye muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, kwishyira hamwe, no kwisubiraho, no kwisubiraho, bikagutera imbaraga mukimenyetso cya nyuma cyibicuruzwa bya karubone.
② Inzira ya karubone yimigano yimigano yose mubuzima bwabo bwose
Ubuzima bwose bwinzitizi bwibicuruzwa byimigano, kuva imigano gukura no guteza imbere (fotosintes), guhinga no gucunga ibikoresho, gutunganya ibicuruzwa no gukoresha ibicuruzwa (kwangirika), birarangiye. Uruziga rw'imigano y'ibicuruzwa mu mibereho yabo mu mibereho itanu ikubiyemo ibyiciro bitanu birimo ibyiciro bitanu birimo imigano (gutera, umusaruro w'imigano), gutunganya imigano), gutunganya imigano no gutunganya ibicuruzwa (inzira zitandukanye Gutunganya), kugurisha, gukoresha, no kujugunya (kubora), gukusanya karubone, guhuriza hamwe, hamwe nu myuka ya karubone, hamwe na karubone itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye muri buri cyiciro (reba Ishusho ya 3).
Inzira yo gutsimbataza amashyamba y'imigano irashobora gufatwa nk'umuhuza wa "karubone no kubika", birimo imyuka itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye mu buyobozi, n'ibikorwa, n'ibikorwa, n'ibikorwa, n'ibikorwa, n'ibikorwa, no gukora.
Umusaruro wibikoresho fatije ni uguhuza karubone uhuza imishinga y'amashyamba hamwe nibigo byo gutunganya imigano, kandi birimo no mubyuka bya karubone bitaziguye cyangwa bitaziguye mugihe cyo gusarura, no gutunganya intangiriro, gutunganya, no kubika imigano cyangwa imigano.
Gutunganya ibicuruzwa no gukoresha nigikorwa gikurikirana cya karubone, kirimo gukosora karubone mubicuruzwa, kimwe nubwiyuha bwa karubone butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye kuva muburyo butandukanye nko gutunganya ibice, gutunganya ibicuruzwa.
Nyuma yibicuruzwa binjiramo gukoresha icyiciro, karubone yakosowe rwose nibicuruzwa byimigano nkibikoresho, inyubako, ibipimo bya buri munsi bizagurwa kugeza igihe bijugunywe, kubora no kurekura CO2, no gusubira mu kirere.
Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwanditswe na Zhou Pengfei et al. . . Hitamo uburyo bwo gusuzuma B2b kugirango ugaragaze ko uhakanwa n'umwanda wa karuboni wa karubone na karubone mu bikorwa byose bikora umusaruro, harimo no gutwara ibintu byose, harimo no gutwara ibintu, gutunganya ibicuruzwa, gupakira, reba ishusho ya 4). Pas2050 iteganya ko igipimo cyo gupima ikirenge cya karubon kigomba gutangira gutwara ibikoresho fatizo, hamwe namakuru yibyuka bya karubone hamwe no kohereza karubone (B2B) kugabura imbaho za mobile zigomba gupimwa kugirango hamenyekane ubunini bwa ikirenge cya karubone.
Urwego rwo gupima ikirenge cya karubone cyibicuruzwa byimigano yose mubuzima bwabo bwose
Icyegeranyo no gupima amakuru yibanze kuri buri cyiciro cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byimigano niyo shingiro ryisesengura ryubuzima. Amakuru yibanze arimo imirimo yubutaka, gukoresha amazi, gukoresha amazi atandukanye (amakara, amashanyarazi, nibindi), gukoresha ibikoresho byibikoresho bitandukanye, hamwe namakuru yibikoresho. Kora ikirenge cya karbone ibipimo by'imigano mu buzima bwabo bwose binyuze mu gukusanya amakuru no gupima.
(1) Icyiciro cyo guhinga amashyamba
Kwinjiza karubone no kwigunga: Kumera, gukura niterambere, umubare wimigano mishya irasa;
Ububiko bwa karubone: Imiterere y'ishyamba ry'ishyamba, Impamyabusinga Impaka, Imiterere y'imyaka, Biomass y'inzego zitandukanye; Biomass of linter; Ubutaka Bwiza bwa karubone;
Ibihuha bya karubone: Ububiko bwa karubone, igihe cyo kuboneza, no kurekura imyanda; Ibihuha by'ubuhumekero bya karubone; Ibyuka bihambiriye bya karubone byakozwe nibyiciro byo kugurisha no gukoresha ibikoresho nkibikorwa, imbaraga, amazi n'ifumbire byo gutera, imiyoborere, nibikorwa byubucuruzi.
(2) Icyiciro cyo kubyara ibintu
Kwimura karubone: Gusarura amajwi cyangwa imigano kurasa amajwi hamwe na biomass yabo;
Kugaruka kwa karubone: Ibisigara biva mu gutema ibiti cyangwa imigano, ibisigazwa byibanze byo gutunganya, na biomass yabo;
Ibyuka bihumanya karuriruka: Umubare w'ibyuka karusike wa karubone wakozwe n'ingufu no gukoresha ibikoresho byo hanze no gukoresha ibikoresho, nko mu bijyanye no gukusanya, mu bijyanye no gukusanya, gutunganya, gutunganya, kubika imigano cyangwa imigano.
(3) gutunganya ibicuruzwa no gukoresha icyiciro
Urukurikirane rwa karubone: Biomass y'ibicuruzwa by'imigano n'ibicuruzwa;
Kugaruka kwa karubone cyangwa kugumana: Gutunganya ibisigara hamwe na biomass yabo;
Ibyuka bihumanya karuke: Ibyuka imbibi za karubone byakozwe no gukoresha ingufu zo hanze nkakazi, imbaraga, ibikoreshwa, no gukoresha ibikoresho mugihe cyo gutunganya ibipimo bitunganya igice, gutunganya ibicuruzwa, nibikorwa-ibicuruzwa.
(4) kugurisha no gukoresha icyiciro
Urukurikirane rwa karubone: Biomass y'ibicuruzwa by'imigano n'ibicuruzwa;
Ihuriro ry'akabaho: Umubare w'ibyuka uhambiriye wa karubone wakozwe n'ingufu zo kugurisha ingufu no gutwara no gukora imirimo bivuye ku isoko ryo kugurisha.
(5) Icyiciro cyo kujugunya
Kurekura karubone: Kubika karubone y'ibicuruzwa; Umwanya wo kubora no kurekura amafaranga.
Bitandukanye n'indi nganda z'amashyamba, amashyamba y'imigano ajya kuvugurura nyuma ya siyansi yinjira no gukoresha, adakeneye amashyamba. Gukura mu mashyamba biri mu buringanire bwo gukura kandi birashobora guhora dukuramo karubone kagarukiye, gukusanya no kubika karubone, kandi ubudahwema ibikurikira bya karubone. Umubare w'ibikoresho by'imigano bikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa by'imigano ntabwo ari binini, kandi birambuye bya karubone bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu gukoresha ibicuruzwa by'imigano.
Kugeza ubu, nta bushakashatsi buri ku gupima karubone y'ibicuruzwa by'imigano mu buzima bwabo bwose. Kubera igihe kirekire cyo kuruhuka karubone mugihe cyo kugurisha, gukoresha, no kujugunya ibintu byimigano, ibirenge byabo bya karubone biragoye gupima. Mubikorwa, ibisimba byokurya bya karubone mubisanzwe byibanda ku nzego ebyiri: Imwe ni ukugereranya ububiko bwa karubone hamwe n'ubwiyuha mu buryo bw'ibyuka mu buryo bwo gukora ku bikoresho bifatiro ibicuruzwa; Iya kabiri ni ugusuzuma ibicuruzwa byimigano gutera umusaruro
Igihe cya nyuma: Sep-17-2024
