Kangura abaguzi gutekereza ku gutunganya ibikoresho byangiza imyanda yangiza

1.Gukomeza imyitozo yicyatsi

Toni imwe yimpapuro zajugunywe, mugihe cyo kuyitunganya, irashobora gufata ubuzima bushya, ihinduka kg 850 yimpapuro zongeye gukoreshwa. Iri hinduka ntirigaragaza gusa imikoreshereze myiza yumutungo, ariko kandi ririnda kuburyo butagaragara kurinda metero kibe 3 yumutungo wibiti byagaciro, kugirango zishobore gukomeza gutera imbere mumashyamba no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, iki gikorwa kizigama metero kibe 100 z'amazi, kikaba ari cyiza mu gukemura ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amazi.

Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ihumana ry’ibidukikije, buri toni y’impapuro zikoreshwa zigabanya ikoreshwa rya 300 kg y’ibikoresho fatizo by’imiti, bityo bikagabanya imyuka y’ibintu bishobora kwangiza mu gihe cy’ibikorwa. Byongeye kandi, toni 1,2 y’amakara na 600 kWh y’amashanyarazi irashobora gukizwa, ibyo bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu bijyanye no kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’ingufu.

Gukoresha toni 1 yibicuruzwa bikozwe mu mpapuro 100% byongeye gukoreshwa bizagabanya neza imyuka ya gaze karuboni kuri toni 11.37. Ibi ntibigaragaza gusa imyumvire y’ibidukikije ku giti cye, ahubwo ni igisubizo cyiza ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi. Gukoresha impapuro zitunganyirizwa buhoro buhoro bigenda bihinduka imbaraga zingenzi mugutezimbere ubuzima bwatsi no kubaka societe nkeya ya karubone.

2.Ibisigisigi mu mpapuro zanduye, ibikoresho fatizo byimpapuro zongeye gukoreshwa, ningaruka zabyo
Impapuro zimyanda mugihe cyo gutunganya, akenshi zitwara ibisigazwa bitandukanye, ibyo bisigazwa ntabwo byangiza ubuzima bwabantu gusa, ahubwo birashobora no kugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije.

Ibyuma biremereye nimwe mubisigara bisanzwe mumpapuro. Igikorwa cyo gukora impapuro zisubirwamo zishobora kuba zirimo ibyuma biremereye nka gurş, mercure na kadmium. Ibyo byuma biremereye ni uburozi kumubiri wumuntu, kandi kumara igihe kinini uhura cyangwa gufata ibintu birimo ibyuma biremereye bishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye byubuzima. Ikirenzeho, ibyuma biremereye ntabwo byangirika byoroshye mubidukikije, kandi nibimara kwinjira mubidukikije, birashobora kwegeranya intambwe ku yindi binyuze mu biribwa, amaherezo bikangiza kwangiza ibidukikije.
Ibinyabuzima nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi gisigaye mu mpapuro. Iyo impapuro zongeye gukoreshwa zihuye n’imiti na mikorobe mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, ifu irimo irashobora kubora ibintu byangiza umubiri nka benzene na fenol. Ibi bintu kama birashobora kwangiza umubiri wumuntu nibidukikije, kandi bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuzima nko kurakara kuruhu nibibazo byubuhumekero. Bashobora kandi kwanduza amasoko yubutaka nubutaka, bikagira ingaruka kumikurire niterambere ryibimera ninyamaswa.

Imigera na parasite nabyo ni ibisigara mu mpapuro zongeye gukoreshwa bitagomba kwirengagizwa. Impapuro zanduye zishobora kubika za bagiteri na parasite zitandukanye, nka Escherichia coli, pneumococcus ninyo, niba bidakozwe neza mugihe cyo gutunganya. Izi virusi zangiza ubuzima bw’abantu n’isuku y’ibidukikije, kandi zishobora gutera indwara no kwanduza ibidukikije.

Muri gahunda yo kugarura imyanda no kuyikoresha, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zifatika, nko kuzamura icyegeranyo gitandukanye cy’impapuro z’imyanda, kunoza imikorere y’impapuro zongera gukoreshwa no gushimangira kwanduza impapuro zongera gukoreshwa, kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu ndetse n’ibidukikije biterwa n’ibisigazwa biri mu mpapuro. Muri icyo gihe kandi, abaturage bagomba kandi kunoza imyumvire y’ibidukikije, gukoresha neza no guta impapuro z’imyanda, kandi bagafatanya kurengera ibidukikije.

3.Ibisigisigi byasigaye mubipapuro byongeye gukoreshwa
Igikorwa cyo gukora impapuro zisubirwamo ni inzira igoye kandi yoroshye, ikubiyemo guteka ifu yubushyuhe bwinshi, kongeramo calcium hypochlorite, hamwe no kwanduza ubushyuhe bwa kabiri mugihe cyo kubumba silinderi. Uru ruhererekane rwo gutunganya intambwe rwica neza umubare munini wa bagiteri na virusi, bityo bigatuma isuku yimpapuro zisubirwamo. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hamwe nubu buryo bukomeye bwo gukora, haracyari spore zimwe na zimwe zishobora kugorana kuyikuramo, harimo amoko nka Penicillium, Aspergillus erythropolis na Aspergillus flavus.
Akenshi bituruka ku mpapuro zangiza, izo spore zibumba zirahuza cyane nibidukikije kandi zishobora kubaho mubihe bitandukanye. Ndetse no ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa dogere magana, izo spore ziracyashobora kubaho. Muri icyo gihe, kubera imiterere y’imiti ihamye, acide ikomeye na alkalis hamwe na okisiside yica udukoko hamwe nubundi buryo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro akenshi usanga batabishoboye.
Muri izo spore zibumba, Aspergillus flavus ni uburozi cyane. Bifatwa cyane nkimwe mubintu bifite ubumara bukabije kwisi, hamwe nuburozi burenze kure ubw'ibintu byangiza nka nikotine na formaldehyde. Bifata garama 0.1 gusa ya aflatoxine kugirango yice mugihe gito. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, nubwo cyaba cyarafashwe cyangwa gihumeka mu minota mike mu gihe kirekire, aflatoxine izangiza cyane indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero no mu gifu, ndetse ishobora no gutera ibibyimba bibi nka kanseri y'umwijima, kanseri y'ibihaha na kanseri y'igifu. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryashyize mu rwego rwa kanseri, kandi urugero rw’ibibi ntirushobora kwirengagizwa.

Igishimishije, spores ya Aspergillus flavus izagenda isinzira mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bityo bigahagarika by'agateganyo imikurire yabo niyororoka.

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