Kangura abaguzi gutekereza ku bijyanye no kongera gukoresha impapuro zangiza imyanda

1. Guteza imbere ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije

Toni imwe y'impapuro zajugunywe, ziri mu nzira yo kongera gukoreshwa, zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, zigahinduka ibiro 850 by'impapuro zasubiwemo. Iyi mpinduka ntigaragaza gusa ikoreshwa neza ry'umutungo, ahubwo inarinda mu buryo butagaragara metero kibe 3 z'umutungo w'ibiti by'agaciro, kugira ngo bikomeze gutera imbere mu ishyamba no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, iyi nzira izigama metero kibe 100 z'amazi, ibi bikaba ari byiza mu kugabanya ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amazi.

Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ihumana ry’ibidukikije, buri toni y’impapuro zikoreshwa zigabanya ikoreshwa rya kilogarama 300 z’ibikoresho fatizo bya chimique, bityo bigabanye imyuka mibi ishobora guturuka mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya. Byongeye kandi, toni 1.2 z’amakara na kWh 600 z’amashanyarazi birashobora kurokorwa, ibi bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’ingufu.

Gukoresha toni 1 y'ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu mpapuro 100% byasubiwemo bizagabanya neza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya karuboni ho toni 11.37. Ibi ntibigaragaza gusa ko umuntu yitaye ku bidukikije, ahubwo ni n'igisubizo cyiza ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi. Gukoresha impapuro zasubiwemo birimo kugenda biba imbaraga z'ingenzi mu guteza imbere ubuzima bw'ibidukikije no kubaka umuryango udafite karuboni nyinshi.

2. Ibisigazwa biri mu mpapuro zishaje, ibikoresho fatizo byo kongera gukoreshwa mu mpapuro, n'ingaruka zabyo
Impapuro z'imyanda mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha impapuro, akenshi ziba zifite ibisigazwa bitandukanye, ibi bisigazwa ntibishobora guteza akaga ubuzima bw'abantu gusa, ahubwo bishobora no kugira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.

Ibyuma biremereye ni kimwe mu bisigazwa bikunze kugaragara mu mpapuro zishaje. Uburyo bwo gukora impapuro zisubirwamo bushobora kuba burimo ibintu by'icyuma kiremereye nka lisansi, mercure na cadmium. Ibi byuma biremereye ni uburozi ku mubiri w'umuntu, kandi kumara igihe kirekire umuntu ahura cyangwa anywa ibintu birimo ibyuma biremereye bishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye by'ubuzima. Ikirenzeho, ibyuma biremereye ntibipfa kwangirika mu bidukikije karemano, kandi iyo bimaze kwinjira mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, bishobora kwirundanya intambwe ku yindi mu ruhererekane rw'ibiribwa, amaherezo bigatera kwangirika ku buringanire bw'ibidukikije.
Ibintu by’umwimerere nabyo ni igice cy’ingenzi gisigaye mu mpapuro z’imyanda. Iyo impapuro zisubijwemo zihuye n’ibinyabutabire na mikorobe mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha, impumuro yazo ishobora kwangirika ikavamo ibintu byangiza umubiri, nka benzene na fenoli. Ibi bintu by’umwimerere bishobora kwangiza umubiri w’umuntu n’ibidukikije, kandi bishobora guteza ibibazo by’ubuzima nko kurakara k’uruhu no kugira ibibazo byo guhumeka. Bishobora kandi kwanduza amasoko y’amazi n’ubutaka, bigira ingaruka ku mikurire n’iterambere ry’ibimera n’inyamaswa.

Udukoko n'udukoko nabyo ni ibisigazwa biri mu mpapuro zasubiwemo kandi bidakwiye kwirengagizwa. Impapuro z'imyanda zishobora kubamo bagiteri n'udukoko dutandukanye, nka Escherichia coli, pneumococcus na worms, iyo zidavuwe neza mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha. Izi ndwara zitera indwara zibangamira cyane ubuzima bw'abantu n'isuku y'ibidukikije, kandi zishobora gutera indwara no kwanduza ibidukikije.

Mu gikorwa cyo kugarura no kongera gukoresha impapuro zanduye, ingamba zifatika zigomba gufatwa, nko kunoza uburyo bwo gukusanya impapuro zanduye ukwazo, kunoza uburyo bwo gukora impapuro zasubiwemo no kongera uburyo bwo kuzikuraho, kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw'abantu n'ibidukikije ziterwa n'ibisigazwa by'impapuro zanduye. Muri icyo gihe, abaturage bagomba kandi kunoza ubukangurambaga ku bidukikije, gukoresha no guta imyanda mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, no kurengera ibidukikije byacu.

3. Ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibisigazwa by'impapuro zishobora kongera gukoreshwa
Uburyo bwo gukora impapuro zasubiwemo ni inzira igoye kandi yoroshye, ikubiyemo guteka impumuro ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kongeramo kalisiyumu hypochlorite, no kwica udukoko two mu bushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo gushushanya silinda. Uru rukurikirane rw'intambwe zo gutunganya ruzica neza umubare munini wa bagiteri na virusi, bityo rutuma impapuro zasubiwemo zikora neza. Ariko, nubwo hari ubu buryo bukomeye bwo gukora, haracyari udukoko tumwe na tumwe dushobora kugorana gukuraho, harimo ubwoko nka Penicillium, Aspergillus erythropolis na Aspergillus flavus.
Akenshi ikomoka ku mpapuro z'imyanda, izi spores za mouve zishobora kwihutisha ibidukikije kandi zishobora kubaho mu bihe bikomeye bitandukanye. Nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bwinshi kugeza kuri dogere amagana, izi spores ziracyashobora kubaho. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'imiterere yazo idahinduka, aside ikomeye na alkali hamwe n'imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu gusukura umubiri hamwe n'ubundi buryo busanzwe bwo kuyisukura akenshi ntibigira icyo bitanga.
Muri izi spores z'ibihumyo, Aspergillus flavus ni uburozi bwihariye. Ifatwa cyane nk'imwe mu bintu bihumanya cyane ku isi, aho uburozi burenze kure ubw'ibintu byangiza nka nikotine na formaldehyde. Ifata garama 0.1 gusa ya aflatoxin kugira ngo yica mu gihe gito. Ikirenzeho, nubwo yanyobwa cyangwa igahumeka mu buryo buke mu gihe kirekire, aflatoxin izangiza cyane imyanya y'ubuhumekero n'igogora ry'umuntu, ndetse ishobora no gutera ibibyimba bibi nka kanseri y'umwijima, kanseri y'ibihaha na kanseri yo mu gifu. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryayishyize mu cyiciro cy'ibiyobyabwenge bya kanseri, kandi ingaruka zayo ntizishobora kwirengagizwa.

Igishimishije ni uko utubuto twa Aspergillus flavus tuzarara ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo bigahagarika by'agateganyo gukura no kororoka kwatwo.

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