Inzira yo gukora imigano
Kuva iterambere ry’inganda no gukoresha imigano bigenda neza, inzira nyinshi nshya, ikoranabuhanga n’ibicuruzwa byo gutunganya imigano byagaragaye nyuma y’ibindi, bikaba byateje imbere cyane imikoreshereze y’imigano. Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu Bushinwa ryanyuze mu buryo bwa gakondo kandi rihinduka icyitegererezo cy’inganda n’inganda. Kugeza ubu imigano ikunzwe cyane ni imashini, imiti nubumashini. Umugano w’imigano mu Bushinwa ahanini ni imiti, bingana na 70%; imashini yimiti ni mike, munsi ya 30%; gukoresha uburyo bwubukanishi bwo kubyara imigano bigarukira gusa kubigeragezo, kandi nta raporo nini nini yinganda.
1.Uburyo bwo gukanika imashini
Uburyo bwo gukanika imashini ni ugusya imigano muri fibre hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini utiriwe wongera imiti. Ifite ibyiza byo guhumana kwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nuburyo bworoshye. Mu bihe byo kurushaho kurwanya umwanda no kubura umutungo w’ibiti mu gihugu, imigano y’imigano yagiye ihabwa agaciro n’abantu.
Nubwo gukanika imashini bifite ibyiza byo kuzamuka kwinshi hamwe n’umwanda muke, bikoreshwa cyane munganda zogukora no gukora impapuro zibikoresho byimbuto nka spuce. Nyamara, kubera ibinini byinshi bya lignine, ivu, hamwe na 1% bya NAOH bivamo imiti yimigano, ubwiza bwimbuto ni bubi kandi biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwimpapuro zubucuruzi. Gukoresha inganda ni gake kandi ahanini biri mubyiciro byubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki.
2.Uburyo bwa chimique
Uburyo bwo gusya imiti bukoresha imigano nk'ibikoresho fatizo kandi bukoresha uburyo bwa sulfate cyangwa sulfite mu gukora imigano. Ibikoresho fatizo bya migano birasuzumwa, bigakaraba, bigakurwamo amazi, bigatekwa, bigaterwa mu kanwa, bigasukurwa, bigasukurwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'umuriro, bigafungwa, bigashyirwa mu buryo bwa ogisijeni, bigasibanganya uruhu n'izindi nzira zo gukora imigano. Uburyo bwo gusya imiti bushobora kurinda fibre no kunoza umuvuduko wo gusya. Imirongo iboneka ni myiza, isukuye kandi yoroshye, yoroshye kuyisukura, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora impapuro zo kwandikaho n'impapuro zo gucapa zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Bitewe no kuvanaho lignin nyinshi, ivu nibindi bivamo muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvoma uburyo bwo kuvoma imiti, igipimo cyo kuvoma imigano kiri hasi, muri rusange 45% ~ 55%.
3.Imashini ya mashini
Imashini ya mashini ni uburyo bwo kuvoma bukoresha imigano nkibikoresho fatizo kandi bugahuza bimwe mubiranga imiti yimiti no gukanika imashini. Imashini ya mashini ya mashini ikubiyemo igice cya chimique, uburyo bwa mashini nuburyo bwa mitiweli ya mitiweli.
Ku kuvoma imigano no gukora impapuro, igipimo cyo gutumura imashini zikoreshwa mu mashini kiri hejuru y’icyavuye mu miti, gishobora kugera kuri 72% ~ 75%; ubwiza bwa pulp yabonetse hakoreshejwe imiti ya mashini irarenze cyane iy'ubukanishi, bushobora kuzuza ibisabwa muri rusange byo gukora ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, ikiguzi cyo gukira alkali no gutunganya imyanda nacyo kiri hagati yimiti ya chimique na mashini.
Line Umurongo wo gukora imigano
Ibikoresho byo gukora imigano
Ibikoresho bigize igice cyo gukora imigano yo gukora imigano yimigano yimigozi irasa cyane nkiy'umurongo utanga ibiti. Itandukaniro rinini ryibikoresho byo gukora imigano yimigano iri mubice byo gutegura nko gukata, gukaraba no guteka.
Kuberako imigano ifite imiterere idafite aho ihuriye, ibikoresho byo gutema bitandukanye nibiti. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikata imigano (flaking) ibikoresho birimo ahanini imigozi yimigano, imashini ya disiki hamwe na chipper yingoma. Gukata imigano ya Roller hamwe na disikuru yimigano ifite imikorere myiza, ariko ubwiza bwimigano yatunganijwe (imiterere yimigano) ntabwo ari nziza nkiy'ingoma. Abakoresha barashobora guhitamo ibikoresho bikata (flaking) bikwiranye nintego yimigano nigiciro cyumusaruro. Ku bimera bito n'ibiciriritse by'imigano (ibisohoka <100.000 t / a), ibikoresho byo gutema imigano murugo birahagije kugirango umusaruro ukenewe; ku bimera binini by'imigano (ibisohoka, 000 100.000 t / a), ibikoresho byateye imbere ku rwego mpuzamahanga binini byo gukata (flaking) bishobora gutoranywa.
Ibikoresho byo koza imigano bikoreshwa mugukuraho umwanda, kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi byemewe byavuzwe mubushinwa. Mubisanzwe, harakoreshwa vacuum pulp, ibikoresho byo gukaraba hamwe nu mukandara. Uruganda ruciriritse kandi runini rushobora gukoresha imashini ebyiri-zo kwimura imashini zikoreshwa cyangwa gukaraba cyane.
Ibikoresho byo guteka imigano bikoreshwa mu koroshya imigano no gutandukanya imiti. Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bikoresha inkono yo guteka ihagaritse cyangwa itambitse ya horizontal ikomeza guteka. Ibigo binini birashobora gukoresha Camille ikomeza guteka hamwe no gukaraba gukwirakwizwa kugirango umusaruro unoze, kandi umusaruro wimbuto nawo uziyongera ukurikije, ariko bizongera igiciro cyishoramari rimwe.
1.Bamboo pulp papermaking ifite ubushobozi bukomeye
Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mutungo w’imigano y’Ubushinwa hamwe n’isesengura ry’imigano ubwayo ikoreshwa mu gukora impapuro, guteza imbere cyane inganda zivoma imigano ntibishobora kugabanya gusa ikibazo cy’ibikoresho fatizo by’ibiti bito mu nganda z’impapuro z’Ubushinwa, ariko kandi birashobora no kuba inzira nziza yo guhindura imiterere y’ibikoresho fatizo by’inganda zikora impapuro no kugabanya gushingira ku biti bitumizwa mu mahanga. Bamwe mu bahanga basesenguye ko igiciro cy’igiti cy’imigano kuri buri gice kiri munsi ya 30% ugereranije n’inanasi, ibimera, eucalyptus, n’ibindi, kandi ubwiza bw’imigano bungana n’ibiti by’ibiti.
2.Ishyamba-shyira hamwe nicyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere
Bitewe n'inyungu z'imigano zikura vuba kandi zikongera kubyara, kongera imbaraga mu buhinzi bw'amashyamba yihariye y'imigano akura vuba no gushyiraho ishingiro ry'umusaruro w'imigano uhuza amashyamba n'impapuro bizaba icyerekezo cy'iterambere rirambye ry'inganda zo mu Bushinwa zikora imigano n'impapuro, kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku biti n'impapuro bitumizwa mu mahanga, no guteza imbere inganda z'igihugu.
3.Cluster bamboo pulping ifite amahirwe menshi yiterambere
Muri iki gihe inganda zitunganya imigano, ibice birenga 90% by'ibikoresho fatizo bikozwe mu migano ya moso (Phoebe nanmu), ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibikoresho byo mu rugo n'ibikoresho byubaka. Gukora imigano yerekana imigano ikoresha cyane cyane imigano ya moso (Phoebe nanmu) na cycad imigano nkibikoresho fatizo, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu byihiganwa ryibikoresho fatizo kandi ntibifasha iterambere rirambye ryinganda. Hashingiwe ku bwoko bw’imigano isanzwe, inganda zikora imigano zigomba guteza imbere amoko atandukanye y’imigano kugira ngo ikoreshwe ibikoresho fatizo, ikoreshe byimazeyo imigano ya cycad ihendutse cyane, imigano nini yo mu bwoko bwa dragon, imigano ya phoenix, imigozi ya dendrocalamus latiflorus hamwe n’isoko ryuzuza isoko, no guhimba isoko.
B imigano ihujwe irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byingenzi
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2024
