●Inzira yo gukora impapuro z'imigano
Kuva aho inganda ziteje imbere kandi zigakoresha neza imigano, habayeho inzira nyinshi nshya, ikoranabuhanga n'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu gutunganya imigano, byazamuye cyane agaciro k'imikoreshereze yayo. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura imigano mu Bushinwa ryanyuze mu buryo gakondo bw'intoki kandi ririmo guhinduka icyitegererezo cy'inganda n'inganda. Uburyo buzwi cyane bwo gukora imigano y'imigano ni imashini, imiti n'imiti. Imirongo y'imigano mu Bushinwa ahanini ni imiti, ingana na 70%; imashini ikoreshwa mu migano ni nto, munsi ya 30%; ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwa mashini mu gukora imigano rigarukira ku cyiciro cy'igerageza, kandi nta raporo nini y'inganda ihari.
1. Uburyo bwo gucukura imashini
Uburyo bwo gusya imigano hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini nta bintu bihumanya byongeyeho. Bufite ibyiza byo kuba umwanda muke, umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusya imigano ndetse n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyitunganya. Mu gihe cyo kugenzura umwanda mu buryo bukabije no kubura umutungo w'ibiti mu gihugu, imigano ya mashini yagiye ihabwa agaciro buhoro buhoro n'abantu.
Nubwo gukoresha imashini mu gucukura bifite ibyiza byo gukoresha imashini mu gucukura cyane no kugabanya umwanda, bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imashini mu gucukura no gukora impapuro z’ibiti bya coniferous nka spruce. Ariko, bitewe n’uko lignin, ivu, na 1% bya NAOH biri mu bigize imiti y’imiti ya bamboo, ubwiza bw’imashini mu gucukura ni bubi kandi biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa mu mpapuro z’ubucuruzi. Gukoresha mu nganda ni gake cyane kandi ahanini biri mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki.
2. Uburyo bwo gusya imiti
Uburyo bwo gusya imiti bukoresha imigano nk'ibikoresho fatizo kandi bukoresha uburyo bwa sulfate cyangwa sulfite mu gukora imigano. Ibikoresho fatizo bya migano birasuzumwa, bigakaraba, bigakurwamo amazi, bigatekwa, bigaterwa mu kanwa, bigasukurwa, bigasukurwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'umuriro, bigafungwa, bigashyirwa mu buryo bwa ogisijeni, bigasibanganya uruhu n'izindi nzira zo gukora imigano. Uburyo bwo gusya imiti bushobora kurinda fibre no kunoza umuvuduko wo gusya. Imirongo iboneka ni myiza, isukuye kandi yoroshye, yoroshye kuyisukura, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora impapuro zo kwandikaho n'impapuro zo gucapa zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Bitewe no gukuraho ingano nini ya lignin, ivu n'ibindi bivangwa bitandukanye mu gikorwa cyo gucukura imigozi mu buryo bwo gucukura imigozi, igipimo cyo gucukura imigozi mu gucukura imigozi kiri hasi, muri rusange 45% ~ 55%.
3. Gukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura
Uburyo bwo gukurura imigozi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Chemical Mechanical Pulping ni uburyo bwo gukurura imigozi bukoresha imigano nk'ibikoresho fatizo kandi buhuza bimwe mu biranga uburyo bwo gukurura imigozi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Chemical Pulping n'uburyo bwa Mechanical Pulping. Uburyo bwo gukurura imigozi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Chemical Mechanical Pulping burimo uburyo bwa semi-chemical, uburyo bwa Chemical Mechanical n'uburyo bwa thermomechanical.
Ku bijyanye no gucukura no gukora impapuro z'imigano, igipimo cyo gucukura ibikoresho by'imiti mu buryo bwa "chemical mechanical pulping" kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ibyo gucukura ibikoresho by'imiti, muri rusange gishobora kugera kuri 72% ~ 75%; ubwiza bw'ibikoresho by'imiti buboneka mu gucukura ibikoresho by'imiti ni bwinshi cyane ugereranyije n'ibyo gucukura ibikoresho by'imiti, bishobora guhaza ibisabwa rusange mu gukora impapuro z'ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, ikiguzi cyo kugarura alkali no gutunganya imyanda kiri hagati yo gucukura ibikoresho by'imiti no gucukura ibikoresho by'imiti.
▲Umuyoboro wo gukora ifu y'ibishishwa by'imigano
●Ibikoresho byo gukora impapuro z'ibishishwa by'imigano
Ibikoresho byo mu gice cy’ibumba cy’umuyoboro w’impapuro z’imigano muri rusange ni kimwe n’ibyo mu muyoboro w’impapuro z’imigano mu giti. Itandukaniro rikomeye ry’ibikoresho byo gukora impapuro z’imigano muri iki gice riri mu bice byo gutegura nko gukata, kumesa no guteka.
Kubera ko umugano ufite imiterere y’ubugari, ibikoresho byo gukata bitandukanye n’iby’ibiti. Ibikoresho byo gukata umugano bikunze gukoreshwa cyane cyane birimo gukata umugano, gukata umugano n’imashini yo gukata ingoma. Ibikoresho byo gukata umugano n’imashini yo gukata umugano bifite imikorere myiza, ariko ubwiza bw’ibice by’umugano byatunganyijwe (imiterere y’umugano) ntabwo ari bwiza nk’ubw’ibice by’umugano. Abakoresha bashobora guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gukata umugano hakurikijwe intego y’umugano n’ikiguzi cy’umusaruro. Ku nganda nto n’iziciriritse z’umugano (umusaruro uri munsi ya tani 100,000/a), ibikoresho byo gukata umugano byo mu rugo birahagije kugira ngo bihuze n’ibyo umusaruro ukeneye; ku nganda nini z’umugano (umusaruro uri hagati ya tani 100,000/a), ibikoresho binini byo gukata umugano bigezweho ku rwego mpuzamahanga birashobora gutoranywa.
Ibikoresho byo koza uduce tw’imigano bikoreshwa mu gukuraho imyanda, kandi hari ibicuruzwa byinshi byanditse mu Bushinwa. Muri rusange, hakoreshwa utumashini two koza uduce duto, utumashini two koza uduce duto n’utumashini two koza uduce duto. Ibigo biciriritse n’ibinini bishobora gukoresha utumashini dushya two koza uduce duto dukoresha imigozi ibiri cyangwa utumashini two koza uduce duto dukoresha imigozi ikomeye.
Ibikoresho byo gutekeshamo uduce duto tw’imigano bikoreshwa mu koroshya uduce duto tw’imigano no gutandukanya imiti. Ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse bikoresha inkono zo gutekesha zihagaze cyangwa utundi duce duto tw’imigozi. Ibigo binini bishobora gukoresha utundi duce duto twa Camille dufite uburyo bwo koza uduce duto kugira ngo byongere umusaruro, kandi umusaruro w’ibinure na wo uziyongera uko bikwiye, ariko bizongera ikiguzi cy’ishoramari rimwe gusa.
1. Gukora impapuro z'imigozi y'ibishishwa bifite ubushobozi bunini
Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku mutungo w’imigano mu Bushinwa no gusesengura uburyo imigano ubwayo ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gukora impapuro, guteza imbere cyane inganda zikora imigano ntibishobora gusa kugabanya ikibazo cy’ibikoresho fatizo by’ibiti bikomeye mu nganda z’impapuro mu Bushinwa, ahubwo binashobora no kuba uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura imiterere y’ibikoresho fatizo by’inganda zikora impapuro no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku biti bitumizwa mu mahanga. Hari intiti zasesenguye ko ikiguzi cy’imigano kuri buri gice kiri hasi ho 30% ugereranyije n’icya pinusi, spruce, eucalyptus, nibindi, kandi ubwiza bw’imigano bungana n’ubw’imigano y’ibiti.
2. Guhuza amashyamba n'impapuro ni icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'iterambere
Bitewe n'inyungu z'imigano zikura vuba kandi zikongera kubyara, kongera imbaraga mu buhinzi bw'amashyamba yihariye y'imigano akura vuba no gushyiraho ishingiro ry'umusaruro w'imigano uhuza amashyamba n'impapuro bizaba icyerekezo cy'iterambere rirambye ry'inganda zo mu Bushinwa zikora imigano n'impapuro, kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku biti n'impapuro bitumizwa mu mahanga, no guteza imbere inganda z'igihugu.
3. Gutunganya imigano mu matsinda bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guteza imbere
Mu nganda zitunganya imigano ubu, ibirenga 90% by'ibikoresho fatizo bikozwe muri moso bamboo (Phoebe nanmu), ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibikoresho byo mu rugo n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Ubukorikori bw'imigano ya bamboo bukoresha cyane cyane moso bamboo (Phoebe nanmu) na cycad bamboo nk'ibikoresho fatizo, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu bihangana mu irushanwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo kandi ntibifasha iterambere rirambye ry'inganda. Hashingiwe ku moko y'imigano ya bamboo isanzweho, inganda zikora imigano ya bamboo zigomba guteza imbere cyane ubwoko butandukanye bw'imigano kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bikoresho fatizo, zikoreshe neza imigano ya cycad ihendutse, imigano ya giant dragon, imigano ya phoenix tail, imigano ya dendrocalamus latiflorus n'indi migano ihuza imigano mu gukora imigano no gukora impapuro, kandi zinoze ipiganwa ku isoko.
▲Umugano uvanze ushobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo mu bwoko bwa "pulp"
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-04-2024
