Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu gifite amoko menshi y’imigano n’urwego rwo hejuru rwo gucunga imigano. Hamwe nimikoreshereze yumutungo wimigano hamwe nubuhanga bugenda bukura buhanga bwo gukora imigano, inganda zikora imigano ziratera imbere kandi umuvuduko wo guhinduka no kuzamura urihuta. Mu 2021, igihugu cyanjye umusaruro w’imigano wasangaga toni miliyoni 2.42, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 10.5%; hari imishinga 23 itanga imigano hejuru yubunini bwagenwe, ifite abakozi 76.000 n’umusaruro ungana na miliyari 13.2; hari impapuro 92 z'imigano n'impapuro zitunganya no gutunganya ibicuruzwa, bifite abakozi 35.000 n'umusaruro ufite agaciro ka miliyari 7.15; hari inganda zirenga 80 zakozwe n'intoki zakozwe n'intoki zikoresha imigano nk'ibikoresho fatizo, zifite abakozi bagera ku 5.000 n'umusaruro ungana na miliyoni 700; umuvuduko wo gukuraho ubushobozi bwumusaruro wihuse wihuse, kandi tekinoroji yambere yo guteka no gutekesha imiti, imiti yimashini ikora neza mbere yo gutera akabariro hamwe nikoranabuhanga nibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane mugukora imigano. Igihugu cyanjye imigano yimpapuro zikora impapuro zigenda zigezweho kandi zigezweho.
Ingamba nshya
Ukuboza 2021, Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bw’amashyamba n’ibyatsi, komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura n’andi mashami 10 bafatanije "Igitekerezo cyo kwihutisha udushya n’iterambere ry’inganda z’imigano". Uturere dutandukanye twagiye dushiraho politiki yo gushyigikira kugira ngo dushyigikire politiki ihamye yo guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’inganda z’imigano, harimo n’imigano n’inganda. igihugu cyanjye gikuru cy’imigano n’impapuro zibanda cyane muri Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian na Yunnan. Muri bo, Sichuan kuri ubu ni intara nini nini y’imigano n’intara itanga umusaruro mu gihugu cyanjye. Mu myaka yashize, Intara ya Sichuan yateje imbere cyane uruganda rukora impapuro n’impapuro za "bamboo-pulp-paper-gutunganya-kugurisha", rushyiraho ikirango cyambere cy’imigano yo mu rugo, kandi gihindura ibyiza by’umutungo w’imigano mu nyungu z’iterambere ry’inganda, bigera ku musaruro udasanzwe. Hashingiwe ku mitungo mibi y'imigano, Sichuan yatsimbataje ubwoko bw'ishyamba ry'imigano myiza, yazamuye ubwiza bw'ishyamba ry'imigano, yateje imbere imirima y'imigati igera kuri 25 kugeza kuri 25 ku mashyamba y'imigano, kandi akomeza bitandukanye. indishyi n'ingamba z'inkunga. Ibigega by'imigano byiyongereye buhoro buhoro. Mu 2022, agace k’amashyamba k’imigano mu ntara karengeje miliyoni 18 mu, gatanga umubare munini w’ibikoresho byiza byo mu bwoko bwa bamboo fibre fibre mbuto yo gutobora imigano no gukora impapuro, cyane cyane imigano yimpapuro zurugo. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'impapuro zo mu rugo no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo bisanzwe ndetse no mu mahanga, Ishyirahamwe ry'inganda z’impapuro za Sichuan ryasabye ibiro bishinzwe ikirango cy’ibiro bya Leta bishinzwe umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge kwandikisha ikirango rusange "Bamboo Pulp Paper". Kuva mu rugamba rwashize rumwe rukageza ku iterambere rigezweho kandi rinini, gufatanyiriza hamwe ubufatanye no gutsindira inyungu byabaye inyungu ziranga iterambere rya Sichuan Paper. Mu 2021, mu Ntara ya Sichuan hari imishinga 13 yo kuvoma imigano iri hejuru y’ubunini yagenwe, umusaruro w’imigano ukomoka kuri toni miliyoni 1.2731, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 7,62%, bingana na 67.13% by’umusaruro w’imigano w’imbere mu gihugu, muri byo hafi 80% ni byo byakoreshwaga mu gukora impapuro zo mu rugo; hari imigano 58 yimigano yimpapuro zo murugo uruganda rukora impapuro zisohoka buri mwaka toni miliyoni 1.256; hari imishinga 248 yimigano yo gutunganya impapuro zo murugo zitanga umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 1.308. 40% by'impapuro zisanzwe z'imigano isanzwe ikorerwa mu ntara, naho 60% igurishwa hanze y'intara ndetse no mu mahanga binyuze mu mbuga za interineti zigurisha kuri interineti ndetse na gahunda y'igihugu "Umukandara n'umuhanda". Isi ireba Ubushinwa kumigano, naho Ubushinwa bukareba Sichuan kumpano. Ikirango cya Sichuan "bamboo pulp paper" cyagiye kwisi yose.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya
igihugu cyanjye nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gitanga imigano / imigano ishonga, hamwe n’imirongo 12 igezweho y’imiti y’imiti y’imiti ifite umusaruro wa buri mwaka urenga toni zirenga 100.000, umusaruro wose wa toni miliyoni 2.2, muri zo toni 600.000 ni imigano ishonga. Fang Guigan, umushakashatsi akaba n'umugenzuzi wa dogiteri mu kigo cy’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku mashyamba y’inganda zo mu Bushinwa mu Ishuri ry’amashyamba mu Bushinwa, kuva kera yiyemeje gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho by’inganda by’inganda zitanga umusaruro mwinshi mu gihugu cyanjye. Yavuze ko nyuma y’ingufu zihuriweho n’inganda, amasomo n’ubushakashatsi, abashakashatsi barenze ku ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze ry’imigano / gushonga umusaruro w’imbuto, ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guteka no guhumanya ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane mu gukora imiti y’imiti y’imiti. Binyuze mu guhindura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga nka "Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gufata imigano myiza no gukora impapuro" kuva "Gahunda y’imyaka cumi n'itanu", igihugu cyanjye cyakemuye ikibazo cy’uburinganire bw’umunyu wa N na P mu gihe cyo kuvanaho inzoga z'umukara silicon no kuvura hanze. Muri icyo gihe, intambwe ishimishije imaze guterwa mu kongera urugero rwera rw’imigano itanga umusaruro mwinshi. Ukurikije imiterere yubukungu bwa bleaching agent, umweru wimigano itanga umusaruro mwinshi wavuye kuri munsi ya 65% ugera kuri 70%. Kugeza ubu, abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bacike intege mu rwego rwa tekiniki nko gukoresha ingufu nyinshi n’umusaruro muke mu musaruro w’imigano, kandi bagaharanira gushyiraho inyungu z’ibiciro mu musaruro w’imigano no kuzamura isoko mpuzamahanga ku ipiganwa ry’imigano.
Amahirwe mashya
Muri Mutarama 2020, itegeko rishya ryo kubuza plastike mu gihugu ryateganyaga urugero rwo guhagarika plastike no guhitamo ubundi buryo, bizana amahirwe mashya ku masosiyete akora imigano n’impapuro. Impuguke zagaragaje ko inyuma ya "karuboni ebyiri", imigano, nk’umutungo w’amashyamba atari ibiti, igira uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano w’ibiti ku isi, iterambere ry’icyatsi kibisi, no kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage. "Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" no "gusimbuza ibiti imigano" bifite imbaraga nini kandi biteza imbere inganda. Umugano ukura vuba, ufite biomass nini kandi ukungahaye kubutunzi. Ubwiza bwimigano ya fibre morphologie nibirimo selile biri hagati yimbaho zumye ninkwi zifite amababi yagutse, kandi imigano yakozwe igereranwa nigiti cyimbaho. Fibre fibre fibre ni ndende kuruta iy'ibiti bifite amababi yagutse, microstructure y'urukuta rw'akagari irihariye, imbaraga zo gukubita no guhindagurika ni byiza, kandi ibihumyo byumye bifite imiterere myiza ya optique. Muri icyo gihe, imigano ifite selile nyinshi kandi ni ibikoresho byiza bya fibre nziza yo gukora impapuro. Ibiranga itandukaniro biranga imigano hamwe nigiti cyimbaho birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora impapuro zitandukanye zo murwego rwohejuru hamwe nibicuruzwa. Fang Guigan yavuze ko iterambere rirambye ry’inganda z’imigano n’impapuro ntaho bitandukaniye no guhanga udushya: icya mbere, guhanga politiki, kongera inkunga y’amafaranga, no kubaka no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo nk’imihanda, umuhanda wa kaburimbo, ndetse n’inyerera mu mashyamba y’imigano. Icya kabiri, guhanga udushya mu bikoresho byo gutema, cyane cyane gukoresha cyane ibikoresho byo gutema byikora kandi byubwenge, bizamura cyane umusaruro wumurimo kandi bigabanye ibiciro byo gutema. Icya gatatu, guhanga udushya, mubice bifite imiterere myiza yumutungo, gutegura no kubaka parike yinganda zitunganya imigano, kwagura urwego rwinganda no kwagura urwego rwo gutunganya, rwose kugera kumikoreshereze yuzuye yumutungo wimigano, no kuzamura inyungu zubukungu bwinganda. Icya kane, guhanga ubumenyi na tekinoloji, kwagura ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bitunganya imigano, nkibikoresho byubatswe n’imigano, imbaho z’imigano, gutunganya cyane amababi y’imigano, gutunganya byimbitse imigano (node, umuhondo w’imigano, imigano), gukoresha agaciro ka lignine, no kwagura uburyo bwo gukoresha selile (gushonga pulp); gukemura inzitizi zingenzi za tekiniki mu musaruro w’imigano mu buryo bugamije kandi umenye kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu. Ku mishinga, mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa bishya bitandukanye bitandukanye nko gushonga ifu, impapuro zo murugo, hamwe nimpapuro zipakira ibiryo, no gushimangira agaciro-kongerewe agaciro gakoreshwa cyane mumyanda ya fibre mumusaruro, nuburyo bwiza bwo kuva mubyitegererezo byunguka byihuse kandi bigera kumajyambere yo murwego rwo hejuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-08-2024
