Ubushinwa ni cyo gihugu gifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'imigano kandi gifite urwego rwo hejuru rw'imicungire y'imigano. Kubera inyungu nyinshi z'umutungo w'imigano hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rigenda rikura ryo gukora impapuro z'imigano, inganda zikora impapuro z'imigano zirimo gutera imbere kandi umuvuduko wo guhinduka no kuvugurura urimo kwihuta. Mu 2021, umusaruro w'imigano y'imigano mu gihugu cyanjye wari toni miliyoni 2.42, ubwiyongere bw'umwaka ku kigero cya 10.5%; hari ibigo 23 bitunganya imigano y'imigano birengeje ingano yagenwe, bifite abakozi 76.000 n'umusaruro wa miliyari 13.2 z'amayuani; hari ibigo 92 bitunganya no gutunganya impapuro n'imirongo, bifite abakozi 35.000 n'umusaruro wa miliyari 7.15 z'amayuani; hari ibigo birenga 80 bitunganya impapuro byakozwe n'intoki bikoresha imigano nk'ibikoresho fatizo, bifite abakozi bagera ku 5.000 n'umusaruro wa miliyoni 700 z'amayuani; Umuvuduko wo gukuraho ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo butari bwo wihuta, kandi ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guteka no gusiga irangi ry’ibinyabutabire, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga irangi ry’ibinyabutabire rigezweho mbere yo gutera intanga no gusiga irangi ry’ibinyabutabire n’ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane mu gutunganya irangi ry’ibinyabutabire. Inganda zo gukora impapuro z’ibinyabutabire mu gihugu cyanjye zirimo zigana ku iterambere no kuzamuka.
Ingamba nshya
Mu Ukuboza 2021, Ubuyobozi bw'Amashyamba n'Ibihuru bya Leta, Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura n'andi mashami 10 bashyize hamwe batanga "Ibitekerezo ku kwihutisha udushya n'iterambere ry'inganda z'imigano". Uturere dutandukanye twagiye dushyiraho politiki zishyigikira gutanga inkunga ikomeye ya politiki yo guteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda z'imigano, harimo n'inganda z'imigano n'impapuro. Uturere tw'igihugu cyanjye dukoreramo imigano n'impapuro twiganjemo Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian na Yunnan. Muri two, Sichuan ubu ni yo ntara nini cyane ikora imigano n'impapuro mu gihugu cyanjye. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, Intara ya Sichuan yateje imbere cyane itsinda ry'inganda z'imigano n'impapuro zirimo "kugurisha imigano n'impapuro zitunganywa n'imigano", yashyizeho ikirango gikomeye cy'impapuro zo mu rugo z'imigano, kandi yahinduye ibyiza by'umutungo w'imigano w'icyatsi kibisi mo inyungu z'iterambere ry'inganda, bigeraho umusaruro utangaje. Hashingiwe ku mutungo utubutse w’imigano, Sichuan yahinze ubwoko bwiza bw’amashyamba y’imigano, yongera ubwiza bw’ibirindiro by’amashyamba y’imigano, itera amashyamba y’imigano ku misozi miremire irenga dogere 25 n’imirima itari iy’ibanze ifite imisozi miremire ya dogere 15 kugeza kuri 25 mu masoko y’ingenzi y’amazi ahuye n’iyi politiki, yateje imbere mu buryo bwa siyansi imicungire y’amashyamba y’imigano mu buryo butatu, yahuje iterambere ry’amashyamba y’imigano y’ibiti n’amashyamba y’imigano y’ibidukikije, kandi yongera ingamba zitandukanye zo kwishyura no gutera inkunga. Ubutaka bw’imigano bwakomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2022, ubuso bw’amashyamba y’imigano muri iyo ntara bwarenze miliyoni 18 mu mezi, butanga ibikoresho byinshi by’ingenzi by’imigano byo gusya no gukora impapuro, cyane cyane impapuro z’imigano z’amabara karemano. Kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw’impapuro z’imigano z’ibiti no kunoza ikirango cy’impapuro z’imigano z’amabara karemano mu gihugu no mu mahanga, Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda z’Impapuro rya Sichuan ryasabye ibiro by’Ibiro by’Ubucuruzi bya Leta bishinzwe Umutungo bwite mu by’Ubwenge kugira ngo byandikwa ku kimenyetso rusange cy’ubucuruzi cya "Bamboo Pulp Paper". Kuva mu rugamba rwo mu bihe byashize rw’itsinda rimwe kugeza ku iterambere rihuriweho n’iri hagati n’irinini, gufatanya mu rwego rwo kugirana ubushyuhe n’ubufatanye bw’inyungu rusange byabaye ibyiza biranga iterambere rya Sichuan Paper. Mu 2021, hari ibigo 13 byo gucukura imigano birengeje ingano yagenwe mu Ntara ya Sichuan, bifite umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 1.2731 z’imigano, ubwiyongere bwa 7.62% buri mwaka, bingana na 67.13% by’umusaruro w’umwimerere w’imigano mu gihugu, muri byo hafi 80% byakoreshejwe mu gukora impapuro zo mu rugo; hari ibigo 58 byo mu rugo bifite impapuro z’ibanze z’imigano bitanga umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 1.256 buri mwaka; hari ibigo 248 byo gutunganya impapuro z’imigano bitanga umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 1.308 buri mwaka. 40% by’impapuro z’umwimerere z’imigano zikorwa zigurishwa muri iyo ntara, naho 60% bigurishwa hanze y’intara no mu mahanga binyuze mu nzira zo kugurisha hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga no mu mugambi w’igihugu wa "Belt and Road". Isi yose ireba Ubushinwa ku ibumba ry’imigano, n’Ubushinwa ku ibumba rya Sichuan. Ikirango cya Sichuan "urupapuro rw’imigano" cyageze ku isi yose.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya
Igihugu cyanjye ni cyo gihugu kinini ku isi gitunganya impumuro y’imiti ishongesha imigano/imigano, gifite imirongo 12 igezweho ikora impumuro y’imiti ikoreshwa mu migano ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni zisaga 100.000 buri mwaka, ubushobozi bwo gukora toni miliyoni 2.2, muri zo toni 600.000 ni impumuro y’imiti ishongesha imigano. Fang Guigan, umushakashatsi akaba n'umuyobozi w'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu kigo cy'inganda z'ibikomoka ku mashyamba mu ishuri ry'amashyamba ry'Abashinwa, amaze igihe kinini yiyemeje gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu nganda z'igihugu cyanjye zitunganya impumuro nziza. Yavuze ko nyuma y'inganda, amashuri makuru n'ubushakashatsi, abashakashatsi banyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryo gukora impumuro y’imiti ishongesha imigano, kandi ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guteka no gusiga impumuro y'imigano n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane mu gukora impumuro y'imiti ikoreshwa mu migano. Binyuze mu guhindura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga nka "Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo Gutunganya no Gukora Impapuro mu buryo Bunoze" kuva ku "Gahunda ya cumi n'ebyiri y'imyaka itanu", igihugu cyanjye cyabanje gukemura ikibazo cy'uburinganire bw'umunyu wa nitrojeni na P mu gikorwa cyo gukuraho silikoni y'umukara no kuvura imyanda yo hanze. Muri icyo gihe, hari intambwe ikomeye yatewe mu kongera ingano y'umweru w'umukungugu w'umukungugu w'umukungugu w'umukungugu wiyongereye kuva kuri munsi ya 65% kugera hejuru ya 70%. Muri iki gihe, abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bace mu mbogamizi za tekiniki nko gukoresha ingufu nyinshi n'umusaruro muke mu gikorwa cyo gukora imyanda y'umukungugu, no guharanira kubona inyungu mu ikoreshwa ry'imyanda y'umukungugu no kunoza ipiganwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga ry'imyanda y'umukungugu.
Amahirwe mashya
Muri Mutarama 2020, itegeko rishya ry’igihugu rigenga ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki ryateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki no guhitamo ubundi buryo, biganisha ku mahirwe mashya ku bigo bikora ibumba ry’imigano n’impapuro. Impuguke zagaragaje ko munsi y’ishingiro rya "karubone ebyiri", imigano, nk'umutungo w'ingenzi w’amashyamba atari ibiti, igira uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano w’ibiti ku isi, iterambere ry’ibidukikije ridafite karubone nke, no kunoza imibereho y’abantu. "Gusimbuza pulasitiki imigano" no "gusimbuza ibiti imigano" bifite ubushobozi bukomeye n’ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guteza imbere inganda. Imigano ikura vuba, ifite biomass nini kandi ikungahaye ku mutungo. Ubwiza bw’imiterere ya fibre ya migano n’ibice bya selulose buri hagati y’ibiti bya coniferous n’ibice by’imigano, kandi imigano ikorwa igereranywa n’imigano y’ibiti. Fibre ya migano ni ndende kurusha iy’ibiti by’imigano, imiterere y’urukuta rw’uturemangingo ni yihariye, imbaraga zo gutera no guhindagurika ni nziza, kandi imigano ifite ubwiza bwiza bw’amatara. Muri icyo gihe, imigano ifite ibice byinshi bya selulose kandi ni ibikoresho byiza cyane bya fibre mu gukora impapuro. Imiterere itandukanye y’uduti tw’imigano n’uduti tw’ibiti ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye by’impapuro n’ibibaho bigezweho. Fang Guigan yavuze ko iterambere rirambye ry’inganda z’imigano n’ibibaho bikozwe mu mpapuro ritatandukanywa n’udushya: icya mbere, guhanga udushya muri politiki, kongera inkunga y’amafaranga, no kubaka no kunoza ibikorwa remezo nk’imihanda, inzira z’imirongo, n’amadirishya mu turere tw’amashyamba y’imigano. Icya kabiri, guhanga udushya mu bikoresho byo gutema, cyane cyane ikoreshwa ryagutse ry’ibikoresho byo gutema byikora kandi by’ubwenge, bizamura cyane umusaruro w’abakozi kandi bigabanye ikiguzi cyo gutema. Icya gatatu, kwerekana udushya, mu turere dufite imiterere myiza y’umutungo, gutegura no kubaka pariki z’inganda zitunganya imigano, kwagura uruhererekane rw’inganda no kwagura uruhererekane rw’ibikorerwa mu migano, kugera ku ikoreshwa ryuzuye ry’umutungo w’imigano, no kongera inyungu z’ubukungu z’inganda z’imigano. Icya kane, udushya mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, kwagura ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa bitunganya imigano, nk’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bw’imigano, imbaho z’imigano, gutunganya mu buryo bwimbitse amababi y’imigano, gutunganya mu buryo bwimbitse uduce tw’imigano (uduce tw’imigano, umuhondo w’umugano, ingano y’imigano), gukoresha lignin mu buryo bw’agaciro kanini, no kwagura uburyo bwo gukoresha cellulose (uduti dushonga); gukemura ibibazo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki mu gutunganya impumuro za bamboo mu buryo bwitondewe no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo mu gihugu. Ku bigo, binyuze mu guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya bitandukanye nko gushonga impumuro, impapuro zo mu rugo, n'impapuro zo gupfunyikamo ibiribwa, no kongera ikoreshwa ry'imyanda ya fibre mu musaruro, ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuva mu buryo bwunguka cyane vuba bishoboka no kugera ku iterambere ryiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-08-2024
