Ibihangano bine bikomeye by'Ubushinwa
Gukora impapuro ni kimwe mu bintu bine bikomeye Ubushinwa bwavumbuye. Impapuro ni uburyo bwo gusesengura ubunararibonye n'ubwenge by'igihe kirekire by'Abashinwa ba kera bakoraga. Ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mateka y'umuco w'abantu.
Mu mwaka wa mbere wa Yuanxing mu ngoma ya Han y'Iburasirazuba (105), Cai Lun yanoje ubuhanga mu gukora impapuro. Yakoresheje ibishishwa by'ibiti, imitwe y'ibiti, imyenda ishaje, inshundura n'ibindi bikoresho fatizo, kandi akora impapuro binyuze mu buryo nko gusya, gusya, gukaranga no guteka. Iyi ni yo nkomoko y'impapuro zigezweho. Ibikoresho fatizo by'ubu bwoko bw'impapuro biroroshye kubibona kandi bihendutse cyane. Ubwiza bwabyo bwarushijeho kuba bwiza kandi byagiye bikoreshwa cyane buhoro buhoro. Mu rwego rwo kwibuka ibyo Cai Lun yagezeho, abamutse nyuma bitaga ubwo bwoko bw'impapuro "Cai Hou Paper".
Mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Tang, abantu bakoreshaga imigano nk'ibikoresho fatizo mu gukora impapuro z'imigano, ibi bikaba byaragaragaje iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora impapuro. Intsinzi yo gukora impapuro z'imigano igaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rya kera ryo gukora impapuro z'Abashinwa ryageze ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Mu ngoma ya Tang, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibikoresho nko kongeramo alumu, kongeramo kole, gukoresha ifu, gusiga zahabu, no kuyisiga amarangi ryagiye risohoka rimwe rikurikira irindi mu gikorwa cyo gukora impapuro, rishyiraho urufatiro rwa tekiniki rwo gukora impapuro zitandukanye z'ubukorikori. Ubwiza bw'impapuro zikorwa burimo kwiyongera, kandi hari ubwoko bwinshi. Kuva ku ngoma ya Tang kugeza ku ngoma ya Qing, uretse impapuro zisanzwe, Ubushinwa bwakoze impapuro zitandukanye z'amabara, zahabu ikonje, zahabu ivanze, zahabu y'ibirundo, zahabu y'ibirundo n'ifeza hamwe n'amarangi, impapuro zanditswe kuri kalendari n'izindi mpapuro z'agaciro, ndetse n'impapuro zitandukanye z'umuceri, impapuro zo ku rupapuro rw'amabara, impapuro z'indabyo, n'ibindi. Gutuma impapuro ziba ngombwa mu buzima bw'umuco w'abantu no mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ubuvumbuzi n'iterambere ry'impapuro nabyo byanyuze mu nzira ikomeye.
Inkomoko y'umugano
Mu gitabo cye "Umusozi", Liu Cixin yavuze ku wundi mubumbe uri mu isanzure ryinshi, awita "isi y'ibitunguru". Uyu mubumbe utandukanye cyane n'Isi. Ni ahantu hameze nk'uruziga rufite umurambararo wa kilometero 3.000, ukikijwe n'amabuye manini mu mpande eshatu. Mu yandi magambo, muri "isi y'ibitunguru", uko icyerekezo wagana ku iherezo ryabyo cyaba kiri kose, uzahura n'urukuta rw'amabuye manini, kandi uru rukuta rw'amabuye rurerure mu mpande zose, nk'urumuri rwihishe mu kintu kinini cyane.
Iyi "si y'ibicurane" y'impimbano ifite isano mbi n'isanzure ryacu rizwi n'Isi, ubuzima butandukanye rwose.
Kandi umugano ubwawo ufite icyo usobanura "isi y'ibitunguru". Umubiri w'umugano ugoramye urema umwobo, kandi hamwe n'imirongo itambitse y'umugano, urema umwanya w'imbere w'inda. Ugereranyije n'ibindi biti bikomeye, umugano nawo ni "isi y'ibitunguru". Impapuro za none z'umugano ni impapuro zigezweho zo mu rugo zikozwe mu mugano w'umugano kandi zikozwe mu bikoresho mpuzamahanga byikora. Uko urwego rw'inganda zikora ibintu bya buri munsi rwita cyane ku ikoreshwa ry'umugano, abantu barushaho gushishikazwa n'imiterere n'amateka y'impapuro z'umugano. Bivugwa ko abakoresha umugano bagomba kumenya inkomoko y'umugano.
Dusubiye inyuma ku nkomoko y'impapuro z'imigano, hari ibitekerezo bibiri by'ingenzi mu muryango w'abahanga: kimwe ni uko impapuro z'imigano zatangiye mu ngoma ya Jin; ikindi ni uko impapuro z'imigano zatangiye mu ngoma ya Tang. Gukora impapuro z'imigano bisaba ibikoresho byinshi bya tekiniki kandi biragoye. Mu ngoma ya Tang gusa, ubwo ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora impapuro ryari ryarateye imbere cyane, niho iyi ntambwe yashoboraga kugerwaho, igashyiraho urufatiro rw'iterambere rikomeye ry'impapuro z'imigano mu ngoma ya Song.
Uburyo bwo gukora impapuro z'imigano
1. Umugano wumye mu kirere: hitamo umugano muremure kandi muto, gabanya amashami n'amababi, gabanya umugano mo ibice, hanyuma ubijyane mu busitani bw'ibikoresho. Oza uduce twa umugano n'amazi meza, ukureho ibyondo n'umucanga, hanyuma ubijyane mu busitani bwo gukusanyaho uduce kugira ngo ubishyire hamwe. Kumisha umwuka mu buryo bw'umwimerere mu gihe cy'amezi 3, kuraho amazi arenze urugero kugira ngo ukomeze.
2. Gupima ibintu mu buryo butandatu: oza ibikoresho fatizo byumye mu mwuka n'amazi meza inshuro nyinshi nyuma yo kubikuramo kugira ngo bikureho burundu imyanda nk'ibyondo, umukungugu, uruhu rw'imigano, hanyuma ubikatemo uduce tw'imigano twujuje ibisabwa, hanyuma winjire mu cyumba cyo gusigamo ibintu mu buryo bworoshye nyuma yo kubipima inshuro 6.
3. Guteka mu bushyuhe bwinshi: Kuraho lignin n'ibice bitari fibre, ohereza uduce twa bamboo kuva kuri silo ujya kuri steamer yo guteka, hanyuma winjize screw extruder ikomeye cyane kugira ngo ikuremo imbaraga nyinshi kandi ishyiremo igitutu, hanyuma winjize steamer yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri yo guteka, hanyuma uhereze winjize steamer ya metero 20 y'uburebure ihagaze kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi kandi ishyiremo igitutu kinini. Hanyuma uyishyire mu munara wa pulp kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kandi butekwe.
4. Gushyira impapuro mu buryo bw'umubiri: Amashuka y'impapuro akoreshwa mu buryo bw'umubiri mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa. Uburyo bwo gukora ntacyo butwaye umubiri w'umuntu, kandi umusaruro urangiye nta bisigazwa bya shimi byangiza, ari nabyo bizima kandi bifite umutekano. Koresha gazi karemano aho gukoresha lisansi gakondo kugira ngo wirinde kwanduza umwotsi. Kuraho uburyo bwo gusiba, komeza ibara ry'umwimerere ry'imigozi y'ibimera, gabanya amazi akoreshwa mu gukora, wirinde ko amazi mabi asohoka mu buryo bw'umwuka, kandi urinde ibidukikije.
Amaherezo, ibara ry’umwimerere ry’umunyu rirakandamizwa, rikanikwa, hanyuma rikagabanywamo ibipimo bijyanye no gupakira, gutwara, kugurisha no gukoresha.
Ibiranga impapuro z'imikindo y'umugano
Impapuro z’imigano zikungahaye ku migozi y’imigano, ikaba ari ibara karemano rirwanya udukoko, kandi idahumanya ibidukikije ivanwa mu migozi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye. Ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha. Muri zo, imigozi irimo igice cya Kun cy’imigozi, gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya udukoko, kandi igipimo cy’impfu za bagiteri gishobora kugera ku kigero kirenga 75% mu masaha 24.
Impapuro za bamboo ntizigumana umwuka mwiza wo kwinjira no kwinjiza amazi muri fibre ya bamboo, ahubwo zinagira imbaraga zihagije mu mikorere.
Agace k'ishyamba ry'igihugu cyanjye ni gake cyane, ariko umutungo w'imigano urakungahaye cyane. Byitwa "ishyamba rya kabiri ry'uburebure". Imigozi y'imigano ya Yashi Paper ihitamo imigano gakondo ikayigabanya mu buryo bukwiye. Ntabwo yangiza ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo inagira akamaro mu kongera kuvugurura, kandi ikagera ku izenguruka ry'ibidukikije!
Yashi Paper yahoraga ikurikiza igitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije n'ubuzima, ikora impapuro z'imiti gakondo z'imigano nziza kandi zibungabunga ibidukikije, ishyigikira ibikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije mu bikorwa, ishimangira gusimbuza imbaho imigano, kandi igasiga imisozi mibi n'amazi meza mu gihe kizaza!
Birashimishije cyane guhitamo impapuro za Yashi zo mu bwoko bwa bamboo pulp
Ibara karemano ry’imigozi y’umugano ya Yashi Paper ryarazwe ubwenge n’ubuhanga byasobanuwe n’abantu bakora impapuro mu mateka y’Ubushinwa, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kandi binogeye uruhu.
Ibyiza by'urushinge rwa Yashi Paper rwa fibre:
Yatsinze ikizamini cya fluorescent whitening agent, nta nyongeramusaruro zangiza
Ntibitera umujinya kandi ntibitera umujinya
Yoroshye kandi irinda uruhu
Gukorakoraho nk'ururenda, bigabanya gukururana k'uruhu
Ikomeye cyane, ishobora gukoreshwa itose cyangwa yumye
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2024
