Gukora impapuro z'imigano mu Bushinwa bifite amateka maremare. Imiterere n'imiterere y'imiti by'imigano bifite imiterere yihariye. Uburebure bw'imigano ni burebure, kandi imiterere mito y'urukuta rw'uturemangingo tw'imigano ni umwihariko, biruta imbaraga z'iterambere ry'imirongo ni byiza, bigatuma imirongo y'imirongo ihinduka igaragara neza: urumuri rwinshi n'ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri. Ingano y'ibinyabutabire by'imigano (hafi 23% kugeza 32%) ni nyinshi, bigatuma imirongo itekeshwa hamwe na alkali na sulfide nyinshi (sulfide muri rusange 20% kugeza 25%), hafi y'ibiti bya coniferous; ibikoresho fatizo, hemicellulose na silicon ni byinshi, ariko kandi no ku gukaraba imirongo, imyuka y'umukara n'ibikoresho byo gucukura ibikoresho byayo byagize ingorane zimwe na zimwe. Nyamara, ibikoresho fatizo by'imigano si ibikoresho fatizo byiza byo gukora impapuro.
Sisitemu yo gutwikira imvange y’imiti ikoreshwa mu ruganda rw’imiti rwa bamboo mu gihe kizaza, izakoresha uburyo bwo gutwikira imvange ya TCF cyangwa ECF. Muri rusange, hamwe n’uburebure bw’imvange n’imvange ya ogisijeni yo gutwikira imvange, ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwikira imvange ya TCF cyangwa ECF, hakurikijwe umubare w’ibice bitandukanye byo gutwikira imvange, imvange y’imiti ishobora gukurwaho imvange kugeza ku buziranenge bwa ISO bwa 88% ~ 90%.
Kugereranya ECF y'umugano na TCF yo kwisiga
Bitewe n’uko umugano ufite lignin nyinshi, ugomba guhuzwa n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura cyane no gutunganya umwuka wa ogisijeni kugira ngo ugenzure agaciro ka Kappa k’umushongi winjira muri ECF na TCF (byemewe <10), hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Eop bugezweho bwo gusibanganya ECF, aside mbere yo kuvura cyangwa uburyo bwa Eop bwo gusibanganya TCF, byose bishobora gusibanganya sulphate pulp ya umugano kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’umweru wa 88%.
Imikorere y’ibinyabutabire bitandukanye bya bamboo iratandukanye cyane, Kappa igera kuri 11 ~ 16 cyangwa irengaho, nubwo haba hari ECF na TCF by’ibinyabutabire bibiri, impumuro y’ibinyabutabire ishobora kugera ku rwego rw’umweru ruri hagati ya 79% na 85%.
Ugereranyije n'ibumba rya TCF, ibumba rya ECF ryakuweho ibara ry'umuhondo rifite igihombo gito cyo gusibanganya kandi rikagira ubukana bwinshi, muri rusange rishobora kugera kuri mililitiro zirenga 800/g. Ariko ndetse n'ibumba rya TCF ryakuweho ibara ry'umuhondo rigezweho, ubukana bushobora kugera kuri mililitiro 700/g gusa. Ubwiza bwa ECF na TCF ryakuweho ibara ry'umuhondo ni ikintu kidashidikanywaho, ariko gusuzuma neza ubwiza bwa ibumba, ishoramari n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere, ibumba rya umuhondo hakoreshejwe ibumba rya ECF cyangwa ibumba rya TCF, ntibirafatwa umwanzuro. Abafata ibyemezo batandukanye bakoresha inzira zitandukanye. Ariko ukurikije iterambere ry'ejo hazaza, ibumba rya ECF na ibumba rya TCF bizamara igihe kirekire.
Abashyigikiye ikoranabuhanga rya ECF ryo gukaraba bemeza ko impumuro ya ECF yo gukaraba ifite ubuziranenge bwiza bw'impumuro, ikoreshwa ry'imiti mike, ikoreshwa neza cyane mu gukaraba, mu gihe sisitemu y'ibikoresho ikuze kandi ikora neza. Ariko, abashyigikiye ikoranabuhanga rya TCF ryo gukaraba bemeza ko ikoranabuhanga rya TCF ryo gukaraba rifite ibyiza byo kuba amazi mabi asohoka mu ruganda rwo gukaraba, ko ibikoresho bidakenera imiti yangiza, ndetse n'ishoramari rike. Umuyoboro wa TCF wo gukaraba udafite chlorine ukoresha sisitemu yo gukaraba ifunze neza, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ishobora kugenzurwa kuri 5 kugeza kuri 10m3/t. Amazi mabi aturuka mu gice cya (PO) yoherezwa mu gice cya oxygen kugira ngo akoreshwe, naho amazi mabi aturuka mu gice cya O agatangwa mu gice cyo gukaraba kugira ngo akoreshwe, hanyuma amaherezo akinjira mu buryo bwa alkali. Amazi mabi akomoka mu gice cya Q yinjira mu buryo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi yo hanze. Kubera gukaraba idafite chlorine, imiti ntishobora kwangiza, ibikoresho byo gukaraba ntibikenera gukoresha titaniyumu n'icyuma cyihariye cya stainless, icyuma gisanzwe cya stainless gishobora gukoreshwa, bityo ikiguzi cy'ishoramari ni gito. Ugereranyije n'umuyoboro wa TCF wo gukora pulp, ikiguzi cy'ishoramari rya ECF pulp ni 20% kugeza 25% hejuru, ishoramari rya pulp ryo gukora pulp naryo riri hejuru ya 10% kugeza 15%, ishoramari mu buryo bwo kugarura imiti naryo ni rinini, kandi imikorere iragoye cyane.
Muri make, gukora impumuro ya TCF na ECF yo gutwikira impumuro ya bamboo umweru mwinshi kuva kuri 88% kugeza 90% by'impumuro ya bamboo yuzuye birashoboka. Gusohora impumuro bigomba gukoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga ryimbitse ryo gushushanya, gutunganya ogisijeni mbere yo gushushanya, kugenzura impumuro mu buryo bwo gushushanya Kappa, gushushanya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushushanya hakoreshejwe uburyo butatu cyangwa bune bwo gushushanya. Uburyo bwo gushushanya ECF bwo gushushanya impumuro ya bamboo OD (EOP)D (PO), OD (EOP)DP; Uburyo bwo gushushanya L-ECF ni OD (EOP)Q (PO); Uburyo bwo gushushanya TCF ni Eop (ZQ) (PO), O (ZQ) (PO) (ZQ) (PO). Kubera ko imiterere y'imiti (cyane cyane ingano ya lignin) n'imiterere ya fibre bitandukanye cyane mu moko atandukanye y'umugano, hakwiye gukorwa inyigo ku mikorere yo gushushanya no gukora impapuro z'ubwoko butandukanye bw'umugano mbere yo kubaka uruganda kugira ngo habeho ubuyobozi mu iterambere ry'inzira n'imiterere y'imikorere ikwiye.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 14 Nzeri 2024
